{"id":520,"date":"2024-08-29T20:49:40","date_gmt":"2024-08-30T00:49:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/abrdietetics\/?post_type=chapter&p=520"},"modified":"2026-08-24T19:43:26","modified_gmt":"2026-08-24T23:43:26","slug":"4-8-chapter-references","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/abrdietetics\/chapter\/4-8-chapter-references\/","title":{"raw":"Chapter 4 References","rendered":"Chapter 4 References"},"content":{"raw":"Alberta Civil Liberties Research Centre (ACLRC). (n.d.). Combating anti-Black racism: Education and resources<\/em>. https:\/\/www.aclrc.com\/cared<\/a>\r\n\r\nAmerican Kidney Fund. (2026, March 12). eGFR test change: Removal of race from the calculation<\/em>. https:\/\/www.kidneyfund.org\/all-about-kidneys\/tests\/egfr\/egfr-test-change-removal-race-calculation<\/a>\r\n\r\nAmes, B. N., Grant, W. B., & Willett, W. C. (2021). Does the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans contribute to health disparities? Nutrients, 13<\/em>(2), 499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13020499<\/a>\r\n\r\nAmnesty International Canada. (n.d.). Black and Indigenous solidarity against systemic racism<\/em>. https:\/\/amnesty.ca\/features\/black-and-indigenous-solidarity-against-systemic-racism\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nAstrup, A., Magkos, F., Bier, D. M., Brenna, J. T., de Oliveira Otto, M. C., Hill, J. O., King, J. C., Mente, A., Ordovas, J. M., Volek, J. S., Willett, W. C., & Krauss, R. M. (2020). Saturated fats and health: A reassessment and proposal for food-based recommendations. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76<\/em>(7), 844\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.077<\/a>\r\n\r\nAtkinson, F. S., Foster-Powell, K., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2008). International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Diabetes Care, 31<\/em>(12), 2281\u20132283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc08-1239<\/a>\r\n\r\nAtkins, J., & Brady, J. (2016). Queer theory & dietetics education: interrupting heteronormativity. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 3(1), 24-34.\r\n\r\nAune, D., Keum, N., Giovannucci, E., Fadnes, L. T., Boffetta, P., Greenwood, D. C., Tonstad, S., Vatten, L. J., Riboli, E., & Norat, T. (2016). Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ, 353<\/em>, i2716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2716<\/a>\r\n\r\nAyodele, O. H., & Godwin, E. V. (2010). Glycemic indices of processed unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca<\/em>) meals. African Journal of Food Science, 4<\/em>(8), 514\u2013521.\r\n\r\nBalde, F. B., & Perreault, M. (2026). Unveiling the lack of culturally safe dietetic practice for Black Canadians. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 9<\/em>(1), 52\u201376.\r\n\r\nBeagan, B. L., & Chapman, G. E. (2012). Meanings of food, eating and health among African Nova Scotians: \u201cCertain things aren't meant for Black folk.\u201d Ethnicity & Health, 17<\/em>(5), 513\u2013529.\r\n\r\nBlack Health Alliance. (n.d.). Health inequities<\/em>. https:\/\/blackhealthalliance.ca\/home\/health-inequities\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nBraveman, P. A., Arkin, E., Proctor, D., Kauh, T., & Holm, N. (2022). Systemic and structural racism: Definitions, examples, health damages, and approaches to dismantling. Health Affairs, 41<\/em>(2), 171\u2013178. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1377\/hlthaff.2021.01394<\/a>\r\n\r\nBroadbent Institute. (n.d.). Black food insecurity in Canada<\/em>. https:\/\/broadbentinstitute.ca\/black-food-insecurity-in-canada\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nBrown, B. (n.d.). Unlocking Us<\/em> [Podcast]. https:\/\/brenebrown.com\/podcast-show\/unlocking-us\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nCanFASD. (2026, February 25). Black identity and FASD: Addressing a critical research gap<\/em>. https:\/\/canfasd.ca\/2026\/02\/25\/black-identity-and-fasd-addressing-a-critical-research-gap\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nCarleton University. (2023, September 20). Tackling food insecurity<\/em>. https:\/\/carleton.ca\/news\/story\/tackling-food-insecurity\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nCentertown Community Health Centre. (2021, December). Diabetes food guides: Available in Afro-Caribbean English and French, plus a Somali guide<\/em>. https:\/\/diabeteseducation.ca\/web\/default\/files\/public\/Diabetes%20Food%20Guide%20Order%20Form%20December2021.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nClerge. (2019). Callaloo. In New Noir Race, Identity, and Diaspora in Black Suburbia <\/em>(p.103). University of California Press\r\n\r\nConsumer Reports. (2024, February 6). Are collard greens good for you?<\/em> https:\/\/www.consumerreports.org\/health\/nutrition-healthy-eating\/are-collard-greens-good-for-you-a4493940375\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nDaily Bread Food Bank. (2021, February 25). Anti-Black racism and food insecurity in Canada<\/em>. https:\/\/www.dailybread.ca\/blog\/anti-black-racism-and-food-insecurity-in-canada\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nDiabetes Canada. (2015). 7-day Caribbean meal plan<\/em>. https:\/\/www.diabetes.ca\/DiabetesCanadaWebsite\/media\/Managing-My-Diabetes\/Recipes\/7-dayCaribbean_Mealplan_FNLFNL1015.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nDiabetes Canada. (n.d.). Healthy eating guide for the African and Caribbean community<\/em>. https:\/\/www.diabetes.ca\/DiabetesCanadaWebsite\/media\/Managing-My-Diabetes\/Healthy_Eating_African_Caribbean_English.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nDietitians of Canada. (2021). Action on Equity, Diversity and Inclusion<\/em>. https:\/\/www.dietitians.ca\/About\/Equity-Diversity-and-Inclusion<\/a>\r\n\r\nDiversify Dietetics. (n.d.). Diversify Dietetics community resource hub<\/em>. https:\/\/www.diversifydietetics.org\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nEcological Farmers Association of Ontario (EFAO). (n.d.). BIPOC farmer network<\/em>. http:\/\/efao.ca\/bipoc-farmer-network\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nEtowa, J. B., Beagan, B. L., Eghan, F., & Bernard, W. T. (2017). \u201cYou feel you have to be made of steel\u201d: The strong Black woman, health, and well-being in Nova Scotia. Health Care for Women International, 38<\/em>(4), 379\u2013393.\r\n\r\nEsposito, E. (2019). Callaloo or Pelau? Food, identity and politics in Trinidad and Tobago. In Food across cultures: Linguistic insights in transcultural tastes<\/em> (pp. 43\u201370). Springer International Publishing.\r\n\r\nFood Chain Workers Alliance. (n.d.). Mission, vision, & history<\/em>. https:\/\/foodchainworkers.org\/about-2__trashed\/mission-vision-history\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nGozdzik, A., Barta, J. L., Wu, H., Wagner, D., Cole, D. E., Vieth, R., Whiting, S., & Parra, E. J. (2008). Low wintertime vitamin D levels in a sample of healthy young adults of diverse ancestry living in the Toronto area: Associations with vitamin D intake and skin pigmentation. BMC Public Health, 8<\/em>, 336. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/1471-2458-8-336<\/a>\r\n\r\nHanley, D. A., Cranney, A., Jones, G., Whiting, S. J., Leslie, W. D., Cole, D. E., Atkinson, S. A., Josse, R. G., Feldman, S., Kline, G. A., & Rosen, C. (2010). Vitamin D in adult health and disease: A review and guideline statement from Osteoporosis Canada. CMAJ, 182<\/em>(12), E610\u2013E618. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.080663<\/a>\r\n\r\nHarvard Health Publishing. (2026, March 9). Are blueberries especially healthy?<\/em> https:\/\/www.health.harvard.edu\/diet-and-nutrition\/are-blueberries-especially-healthy<\/a>\r\n\r\nHarvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. (n.d.). Quinoa<\/em>. The Nutrition Source. https:\/\/nutritionsource.hsph.harvard.edu\/food-features\/quinoa\/<\/a>\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nHealth Canada. (2022, July 22). Canada's approach to food fortification<\/em>. Government of Canada. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/health-canada\/services\/fortified-food\/canadas-approach.html<\/a>\r\n\r\nHealth Canada. (2023). Canadian Nutrient File<\/em>. Government of Canada. https:\/\/food-nutrition.canada.ca\/cnf-fce\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nHeart and Stroke Foundation of South Africa. (2023). Healthy eating guidelines and regional models<\/em>. https:\/\/www.heartfoundation.co.za\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/10\/Nutrition-image-3.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nInstitute for Family Health. (n.d.). Healthy plates, healthy heritage<\/em>. https:\/\/institute.org\/health-care\/services\/diabetes-care\/healthyplates\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nIntegrated Competencies for Dietetic Education and Practice (ICDEP). (2020b, August 4). Integrated Competencies for Dietetic Education and Practice (V-3)<\/em>. Dietitians of Canada. https:\/\/www.dietitians.ca\/DietitiansOfCanada\/media\/Documents\/PDEP%20Historic%20Documents\/Integrated-Competencies-For-Dietetic-Education-And-Practice-(ICDEP)V-3-August-4,-2020-with-CDIPRC-contact-info.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\nJaglal, S. B., Donescu, O. S., Stewart, M., & Osteoporosis Canada Guidelines Committee. (2023). Clinical practice guideline updates on osteoporosis management. CMAJ, 195<\/em>(39), E1333\u2013E1341. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1503\/cmaj.221647<\/a>\r\n\r\nKipnis, V., Midthune, D., Freedman, L., Bingham, S., Day, N. E., Riboli, E., Ferrari, P., & Carroll, R. J. (2002). Bias in dietary-report instruments and its implications for nutritional epidemiology. Public Health Nutrition, 5<\/em>(6A), 915\u2013923. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1079\/PHN2002381<\/a>\r\n\r\nKovacs, E., Szabo, K., Varvara, R.-A., Uif\u0103lean, A., Cozma, A., Vulturar, R., Sitar-Taut, A. V., Gabbianelli, R., Myhrstad, M. C. W., Telle-Hansen, V. H., Or\u0103san, O. H., Fodor, A., Suharoschi, R., & Heghe\u0219, S.-C. (2025). Resistant starch and microbiota-derived secondary metabolites: A focus on postbiotic pathways in gut health and irritable bowel syndrome. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26<\/em>(16), 7753. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijms26167753<\/a>\r\n\r\nKumanyika, S. (2006). Nutrition and chronic disease prevention: Priorities for US minority groups. Nutrition Reviews, 64<\/em>(Suppl. 1), S9\u2013S14.\r\n\r\nLearning for Justice. (2015). What's colorism? Learning for Justice Magazine<\/em>, (51). https:\/\/www.learningforjustice.org\/magazine\/fall-2015\/whats-colorism<\/a>\r\n\r\nLeonard, K. (2019, January 19). The history of blueberries: From Native American staple to domesticated superfood. Illinois Extension. https:\/\/extension.illinois.edu\/blogs\/garden-scoop\/2019-01-19-history-blueberries-native-american-staple-domesticated-superfood<\/a>\r\n\r\nLinkreducation. (2021). Alice Walker's In Search of Our Mothers' Gardens: Womanist prose\u2014Definition of colourism: The light-skin vs. dark-skin narrative<\/em>. https:\/\/www.linkreducation.com\/en\/content\/-alice-walkers-in-search-of-our-mothers-gardens-womanist-prose-definition-of-colourism-----the-light-skin-vs-dark-skin-narrative\/58986<\/a>\r\n\r\nManek, H. Co-op. (n.d.). Organizing food workers across borders: The Food Chain Workers Alliance supports labour organizing along the supply chain<\/em>. The Media Co-op. https:\/\/mediacoop.ca\/node\/119019<\/a>\r\n\r\nMarrero, A., Tamez, M., Rodr\u00edguez-Orengo, J. F., & Mattei, J. (2021). The association between purchasing locally produced food and diet quality among adults in Puerto Rico. Public Health Nutrition, 24<\/em>(13), 4177\u20134186. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1017\/S136898002100185X<\/a>\r\n\r\nMenm Biten Menm Bagay (MBMB). (n.d.). The Caribbean diet: Rethinking glycemic index<\/em>. https:\/\/mbmbcharity.org\/the-caribbean-diet-rethinking-glycaemic-index\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nMerriam-Webster. (n.d.). Colorism. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary<\/em>. Retrieved September 16, 2025, from https:\/\/www.merriam-webster.com\/dictionary\/colorism<\/a>\r\n\r\nMogire, R. M., Mutua, A., Kimita, W., Kamau, A., Bejon, P., Pettifor, J. M., Adeyemo, A., Williams, T. N., & Atkinson, S. H. (2020). Prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in Africa: A systematic review and meta-analysis. The Lancet Global Health, 8<\/em>(1), e134\u2013e142. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/S2214-109X(19)30457-7<\/a>\r\n\r\nMozaffarian, D., & Rimm, E. B. (2006). Fish intake, contaminants, and human health: Evaluating the risks and the benefits. JAMA, 296<\/em>(15), 1885\u20131899. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1001\/jama.296.15.1885<\/a>\r\n\r\nNaicker, R. (n.d.). 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Towards a definition of anti-oppressive dietetic practice in Canada. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 5(2), 10-14.\r\n\r\nNg, E., Wellington, M., & Pabani, N. (2024). Pain and Progress: Negotiating the Complexities in Facilitating Anti-Oppression Training for Dietetic Preceptor-Learners. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 7(1), 7-27.\r\n\r\nNova Scotia Human Rights Commission. (2025, December 9). Black Food Sovereignty In Mi\u2019kma\u2019ki\/ December 9, 2025 <\/em>[Video]. Youtube. https:\/\/youtu.be\/cvx7Dj_cCHs?si=XsmtZ7se-vBXpQ8W\r\n\r\nNurses' Health Study. (n.d.). The Nurses' Health Study research matrix<\/em>. https:\/\/nurseshealthstudy.org\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nOlanlesi-Aliu, A., Alaazi, D., & Salami, B. (2023). Black health in Canada: Protocol for a scoping review. JMIR Research Protocols, 12<\/em>(5), e42212. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2196\/42212<\/a>\r\n\r\nOlanlesi-Aliu, A., Giwa, A., & Salami, B. (2025). Mental health of Black Canadians: A scoping review. 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New England Journal of Medicine, 369<\/em>(21), 1991\u20132000. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa1306357<\/a>\r\n\r\nPROOF. (n.d.). Who are most at risk of household food insecurity?<\/em> University of Toronto. https:\/\/proof.utoronto.ca\/food-insecurity\/who-are-most-at-risk-of-household-food-insecurity\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nPublic Health Agency of Canada (PHAC). (2020). Social determinants of inequities in Black Canadians: A snapshot<\/em>. Government of Canada. https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/public-health\/services\/health-promotion\/population-health\/what-determines-health\/social-determinants-inequities-black-canadians-snapshot.html<\/a>\r\n\r\nQin, P., Zhang, M., Han, M., Liu, D., Luo, X., Xu, L., Zeng, Y., Chen, Q., Wang, T., Chen, X., Zhou, Q., Li, Q., Qie, R., Wu, X., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Hu, D., & Hu, F. (2021). Fried-food consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality: A meta-analysis of observational studies. 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Yam as functional food: Bioactive properties, health benefits, and applications. Food, Nutrition and Health, 2<\/em>(16). https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s44403-025-00022-3<\/a>\r\n\r\nTasteAtlas. (2026). Fried chicken<\/em>. https:\/\/www.tasteatlas.com\/fried-chicken<\/a>\r\n\r\nToday's Dietitian. (2026, January 20). West Indian plant foods<\/em>. https:\/\/www.todaysdietitian.com\/west-indian-plant-foods\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nToronto Metropolitan University. (n.d.). Black Food Sovereignty Initiative<\/em>. University Business Services. https:\/\/www.torontomu.ca\/university-business-services\/urban-farm\/engagement\/black-food-sovereignty-initiative\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nToronto Metropolitan University. (2024, July 11). Urban Farm brings Black community together through food<\/em>. TMU News. https:\/\/www.torontomu.ca\/news-events\/news\/2024\/07\/urban-farm-brings-black-community-together-through-food\/<\/a>\r\n\r\nUniversity of Saskatchewan. (n.d.). Food security resources<\/em>. https:\/\/students.usask.ca\/articles\/food-security.php<\/a>\r\n\r\nWebMD. (2024, December 17). Callaloo: Health benefits, nutrients, preparation, and more<\/em>. https:\/\/www.webmd.com\/diet\/health-benefits-callaloo<\/a>\r\n\r\nWellington, M., Lee, M., Ng, E., & Mensah, R. (2021). Opening the door to dialogue: Experiences from equity-seeking students in dietetic education. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 6<\/em>(1), 59\u201363. https:\/\/journals.library.torontomu.ca\/index.php\/criticaldietetics\/article\/view\/1455\/1385<\/a>\r\n\r\nWilliams-Ngegba, M. S. E., Onabanjo, O. O., Anthony, N. M., Alamu, E. O., Maziya-Dixon, B., & Oguntona, E. B. (2024). Variations in micronutrient concentrations and retentions in fufu made from yellow-fleshed cassava as a function of genotype and processing methods. Frontiers in Nutrition, 11<\/em>, 1295609. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1295609<\/a>\r\n\r\nWorld Health Organization. (2023, August 9). Vitamin D supplementation during pregnancy<\/em>. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/elena\/interventions\/vitamind-supp-pregnancy<\/a>\r\n\r\nWorld Health Organization. (2023, August 9). Vitamin D supplementation in infants<\/em>. e-Library of Evidence for Nutrition Actions (eLENA). https:\/\/www.who.int\/tools\/elena\/interventions\/vitamind-infants<\/a>","rendered":"

Alberta Civil Liberties Research Centre (ACLRC). (n.d.). Combating anti-Black racism: Education and resources<\/em>. https:\/\/www.aclrc.com\/cared<\/a><\/p>\n

American Kidney Fund. (2026, March 12). eGFR test change: Removal of race from the calculation<\/em>. https:\/\/www.kidneyfund.org\/all-about-kidneys\/tests\/egfr\/egfr-test-change-removal-race-calculation<\/a><\/p>\n

Ames, B. N., Grant, W. B., & Willett, W. C. (2021). Does the high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in African Americans contribute to health disparities? Nutrients, 13<\/em>(2), 499. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/nu13020499<\/a><\/p>\n

Amnesty International Canada. (n.d.). Black and Indigenous solidarity against systemic racism<\/em>. https:\/\/amnesty.ca\/features\/black-and-indigenous-solidarity-against-systemic-racism\/<\/a><\/p>\n

Astrup, A., Magkos, F., Bier, D. M., Brenna, J. T., de Oliveira Otto, M. C., Hill, J. O., King, J. C., Mente, A., Ordovas, J. M., Volek, J. S., Willett, W. C., & Krauss, R. M. (2020). Saturated fats and health: A reassessment and proposal for food-based recommendations. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 76<\/em>(7), 844\u2013857. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.jacc.2020.05.077<\/a><\/p>\n

Atkinson, F. S., Foster-Powell, K., & Brand-Miller, J. C. (2008). International tables of glycemic index and glycemic load values: 2008. Diabetes Care, 31<\/em>(12), 2281\u20132283. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.2337\/dc08-1239<\/a><\/p>\n

Atkins, J., & Brady, J. (2016). Queer theory & dietetics education: interrupting heteronormativity. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 3(1), 24-34.<\/p>\n

Aune, D., Keum, N., Giovannucci, E., Fadnes, L. T., Boffetta, P., Greenwood, D. C., Tonstad, S., Vatten, L. J., Riboli, E., & Norat, T. (2016). Whole grain consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease, cancer, and all cause and cause specific mortality: Systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies. BMJ, 353<\/em>, i2716. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1136\/bmj.i2716<\/a><\/p>\n

Ayodele, O. H., & Godwin, E. V. (2010). Glycemic indices of processed unripe plantain (Musa paradisiaca<\/em>) meals. African Journal of Food Science, 4<\/em>(8), 514\u2013521.<\/p>\n

Balde, F. B., & Perreault, M. (2026). Unveiling the lack of culturally safe dietetic practice for Black Canadians. Journal of Critical Dietetics, 9<\/em>(1), 52\u201376.<\/p>\n

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