{"id":103,"date":"2025-03-10T16:31:21","date_gmt":"2025-03-10T20:31:21","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=103"},"modified":"2026-01-20T10:23:21","modified_gmt":"2026-01-20T15:23:21","slug":"module-4-participant-recruitment-and-retainment","status":"web-only","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/chapter\/module-4-participant-recruitment-and-retainment\/","title":{"raw":"Module 7: Participant Recruitment and Retainment","rendered":"Module 7: Participant Recruitment and Retainment"},"content":{"raw":"What\u2019s research without participants? This module provides strategies for increasing participation in digital research, focusing on accessible recruitment, outreach to hard-to-reach communities, and addressing barriers to participation.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Explore the TCPS 2 (2022) for information about ethical incentives for participation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Consider the advantages and disadvantages of social media recruitment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Consider barriers and facilitators to digital research participation<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Case Study<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\nDr. Keith is struggling with low participation in his digital research study. During a team meeting, he proposes several strategies to boost engagement, including offering additional incentives. His colleague, suggests using social media advertising programs to target potential participants. While this approach could increase visibility, Dr. Keith is uneasy about allowing an algorithm to determine who sees the research opportunity.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h4>\ud83e\uddd0 Consider This!<\/h4>\r\nWhat do you think motivates someone to participate in digital research, and what might make them hesitate?\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ccffff\">\"In the bentwood of these data sets, none of them is straight.\"<\/span>\r\n(Raub, 2018)<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>How do I find digital research participants?<\/h2>\r\nFinding participants for digital research isn\u2019t just about putting out a call and hoping people sign up.\r\n\r\nRecruitment is about making sure the right people actually see it and can participate. One major barrier is digital access. People with disabilities, for example, report lower internet access, fewer devices, and less confidence using technology, making a fully online study difficult to navigate. If your research is digital, ask yourself: <strong>Who might be left out?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nCan you offer phone interviews, paper surveys, or hybrid options? Can you offer additional support and resources for people participating? Building in flexibility ensures a more inclusive study.\r\n\r\nIn addition to access to participation, <strong>motivation<\/strong> to participate plays a role. People are more likely to participate if they care about the topic, want to contribute to a greater cause, or see a direct benefit, like learning something new.\r\n\r\nOffering other ethical incentives can also help, such as gift cards, entry into a draw for a prize, or other gifts of some monetary value. If you are considering using incentives for encouraging research participation, it's important to consult your institutional Research Ethics Board, as well as the <a href=\"https:\/\/ethics.gc.ca\/eng\/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2022.html\">TCPS 2 (2022)<\/a> for the <strong>ethical parameters of these incentives<\/strong>.\r\n<h6>However, none of this matters without establishing trust.<\/h6>\r\nResearch participants often worry about privacy, data security, and how their information will be used. Being upfront about these concerns, using clear and accessible language, and allowing time for informed consent makes a difference.\r\n\r\nPartnering with trusted community organizations is another smart move. A local advocacy group, or a minority researcher on the team can serve as a bridge, connecting you with individuals who may not typically engage in research. At the end of the day, finding digital research participants isn\u2019t just about outreach; it\u2019s about making research feel safe, accessible, and worth their time.\r\n<h2>A New Wave: Social Media Recruitment<\/h2>\r\nSocial media recruitment is a game-changer; it can reach people who wouldn\u2019t normally engage with research. But it\u2019s not without ethical concerns. Unlike traditional methods, where people opt-in by seeing a flyer or hearing from a community leader, social media recruitment works differently.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"272\" class=\"wp-image-419 aligncenter\" \/>\r\n\r\nSocial media platforms track user behaviour, interests, and demographics, meaning that any recruitment ads you put out will be highly targeted. While this can be helpful, it also raises privacy concerns. Many users don\u2019t realize how much of their personal data is being used to tailor their social media content, making highly targeted research invitations feel intrusive or even manipulative.\r\n\r\nAnother major issue is algorithmic bias. Social media platforms decide which ads, or research studies, users see, and these decisions aren\u2019t always fair (Chen, 2023<a id=\"Chen, Z. (2023). Ethics and discrimination in artificial intelligence-enabled recruitment practices. Humanities and Social Sciences Communications, 10(1), 1\u201312. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1057\/s41599-023-02079-x\"><\/a>). If an algorithm prioritizes certain demographics, entire communities could be excluded without researchers even realizing it. This is especially concerning for groups already underrepresented in research, like people with disabilities or those in low-income areas.\r\n\r\nAdditionally, choices of social media for recruitment can be a blind spot for many academics; in many cases, researchers will share recruitment information across their most-followed and public-facing platforms. These often include more professional forums, such as LinkedIn, or X, and many people outside of these platforms will not see posts.\r\n\r\nDespite these challenges, avoiding social media recruitment altogether isn\u2019t the answer. For some hard-to-reach populations, social media may be the only effective way to connect.\r\n\r\nInstead, researchers must be transparent about data use, ensure people are clearly informed prior to consenting to participation, and actively work to mitigate bias. Strategies like testing recruitment ads for fairness, collaborating with diverse research teams, and offering alternative ways to participate can make a big difference.\r\n\r\nSocial media recruitment can be a great resource for increasing inclusivity, but only if researchers approach it with awareness and responsibility.\r\n\r\nBelow, we visualize several advantages and disadvantages of using social media as a recruitment tool, taken from Oudat &amp; Bakas, 2023. To support screen readers, a table has been created containing the same information as the graphic.\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>AI Corner!<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<strong>What do algorithms have to do with AI?<\/strong>\r\n\r\nAlgorithms in social media employ AI, and frequently reinforce socioeconomic divisions and expose disparities. However, they're also a very useful and revolutionary tool.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 79.0805%;height: 131px\" border=\"0\"><caption>Advantages and disadvantages of social media recruitment. (Taken from Oudat &amp; Bakas, 2023)<\/caption>\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 42.3868%;height: 15px;text-align: center\"><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 41.0296%;height: 15px;text-align: center\"><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 151px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 42.3868%;height: 116px;text-align: center\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Broad audience<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Targeted recruitment<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Rapid recruitment<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Engagement<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Reduced cost<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 41.0296%;height: 116px\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Representativeness<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Privacy concerns and limited control<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"text-align: left\">Limited access<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_426\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"528\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"344\" class=\"wp-image-426\" \/> Advantages and disadvantages of social media recruitment. (Taken from Oudat &amp; Bakas, 2023)[\/caption]\r\n<h2>Barriers in Digital Research<\/h2>\r\nYou\u2019ve done the work to ensure a private and ethical research space for your online survey. So why do people still say no to research? Sometimes, they\u2019re just not interested in the topic. Maybe the poster wasn't engaging enough? Other times, it\u2019s more complicated: privacy concerns, lack of trust, digital access barriers, or even just being too busy.\r\n\r\nDigital research adds another layer of difficulty. Some potential participants don\u2019t have reliable internet, a computer, or the technology skills to navigate an online study. Others may feel research isn\u2019t meant for them, especially if they don\u2019t see their community represented in other studies.\r\n<div class=\"postbox h5p-sidebar\">\r\n<div class=\"h5p-action-bar-settings h5p-panel\">\r\n\r\n<code><code><\/code><\/code>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.9rem;text-align: initial;background-color: #c0bdcd;color: #000000;font-style: normal\"><\/span><code style=\"font-size: 0.9rem;text-align: initial;background-color: #c0bdcd;font-style: normal\">[h5p id=\"9\"]<\/code><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nTo reduce participation barriers, offering multiple ways to engage, providing support, and ensuring your survey design is accessible for all participants will support participation.\r\n\r\nUltimately, putting participants first will help you understand how best to reach them. Taking the time to answer questions, showing respect for participants\u2019 time, and ensuring ethical recruitment practices can turn hesitant individuals into engaged contributors.\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n\r\n<strong>\ud83e\uddd0 Consider This!<\/strong>\r\n\r\nWho makes up your target population? What participation barriers might they encounter?\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p>What\u2019s research without participants? This module provides strategies for increasing participation in digital research, focusing on accessible recruitment, outreach to hard-to-reach communities, and addressing barriers to participation.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--learning-objectives\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\">Learning Objectives<\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li>Explore the TCPS 2 (2022) for information about ethical incentives for participation<\/li>\n<li>Consider the advantages and disadvantages of social media recruitment<\/li>\n<li>Consider barriers and facilitators to digital research participation<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline\"><strong>Case Study<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dr. Keith is struggling with low participation in his digital research study. During a team meeting, he proposes several strategies to boost engagement, including offering additional incentives. His colleague, suggests using social media advertising programs to target potential participants. While this approach could increase visibility, Dr. Keith is uneasy about allowing an algorithm to determine who sees the research opportunity.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h4>\ud83e\uddd0 Consider This!<\/h4>\n<p>What do you think motivates someone to participate in digital research, and what might make them hesitate?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: right\"><strong><span style=\"background-color: #ccffff\">&#8220;In the bentwood of these data sets, none of them is straight.&#8221;<\/span><br \/>\n(Raub, 2018)<\/strong><\/h5>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>How do I find digital research participants?<\/h2>\n<p>Finding participants for digital research isn\u2019t just about putting out a call and hoping people sign up.<\/p>\n<p>Recruitment is about making sure the right people actually see it and can participate. One major barrier is digital access. People with disabilities, for example, report lower internet access, fewer devices, and less confidence using technology, making a fully online study difficult to navigate. If your research is digital, ask yourself: <strong>Who might be left out?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Can you offer phone interviews, paper surveys, or hybrid options? Can you offer additional support and resources for people participating? Building in flexibility ensures a more inclusive study.<\/p>\n<p>In addition to access to participation, <strong>motivation<\/strong> to participate plays a role. People are more likely to participate if they care about the topic, want to contribute to a greater cause, or see a direct benefit, like learning something new.<\/p>\n<p>Offering other ethical incentives can also help, such as gift cards, entry into a draw for a prize, or other gifts of some monetary value. If you are considering using incentives for encouraging research participation, it&#8217;s important to consult your institutional Research Ethics Board, as well as the <a href=\"https:\/\/ethics.gc.ca\/eng\/policy-politique_tcps2-eptc2_2022.html\">TCPS 2 (2022)<\/a> for the <strong>ethical parameters of these incentives<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<h6>However, none of this matters without establishing trust.<\/h6>\n<p>Research participants often worry about privacy, data security, and how their information will be used. Being upfront about these concerns, using clear and accessible language, and allowing time for informed consent makes a difference.<\/p>\n<p>Partnering with trusted community organizations is another smart move. A local advocacy group, or a minority researcher on the team can serve as a bridge, connecting you with individuals who may not typically engage in research. At the end of the day, finding digital research participants isn\u2019t just about outreach; it\u2019s about making research feel safe, accessible, and worth their time.<\/p>\n<h2>A New Wave: Social Media Recruitment<\/h2>\n<p>Social media recruitment is a game-changer; it can reach people who wouldn\u2019t normally engage with research. But it\u2019s not without ethical concerns. Unlike traditional methods, where people opt-in by seeing a flyer or hearing from a community leader, social media recruitment works differently.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-scaled.jpeg\" alt=\"\" width=\"408\" height=\"272\" class=\"wp-image-419 aligncenter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-scaled.jpeg 2560w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-300x200.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-1024x683.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-768x512.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-1536x1024.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-2048x1365.jpeg 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-65x43.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-225x150.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/pexels-photo-607812-350x233.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 408px) 100vw, 408px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Social media platforms track user behaviour, interests, and demographics, meaning that any recruitment ads you put out will be highly targeted. While this can be helpful, it also raises privacy concerns. Many users don\u2019t realize how much of their personal data is being used to tailor their social media content, making highly targeted research invitations feel intrusive or even manipulative.<\/p>\n<p>Another major issue is algorithmic bias. Social media platforms decide which ads, or research studies, users see, and these decisions aren\u2019t always fair (Chen, 2023<a><\/a>). If an algorithm prioritizes certain demographics, entire communities could be excluded without researchers even realizing it. This is especially concerning for groups already underrepresented in research, like people with disabilities or those in low-income areas.<\/p>\n<p>Additionally, choices of social media for recruitment can be a blind spot for many academics; in many cases, researchers will share recruitment information across their most-followed and public-facing platforms. These often include more professional forums, such as LinkedIn, or X, and many people outside of these platforms will not see posts.<\/p>\n<p>Despite these challenges, avoiding social media recruitment altogether isn\u2019t the answer. For some hard-to-reach populations, social media may be the only effective way to connect.<\/p>\n<p>Instead, researchers must be transparent about data use, ensure people are clearly informed prior to consenting to participation, and actively work to mitigate bias. Strategies like testing recruitment ads for fairness, collaborating with diverse research teams, and offering alternative ways to participate can make a big difference.<\/p>\n<p>Social media recruitment can be a great resource for increasing inclusivity, but only if researchers approach it with awareness and responsibility.<\/p>\n<p>Below, we visualize several advantages and disadvantages of using social media as a recruitment tool, taken from Oudat &amp; Bakas, 2023. To support screen readers, a table has been created containing the same information as the graphic.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--key-takeaways\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><strong>AI Corner!<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><strong>What do algorithms have to do with AI?<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Algorithms in social media employ AI, and frequently reinforce socioeconomic divisions and expose disparities. However, they&#8217;re also a very useful and revolutionary tool.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<table class=\"grid aligncenter\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 79.0805%;height: 131px\">\n<caption>Advantages and disadvantages of social media recruitment. (Taken from Oudat &amp; Bakas, 2023)<\/caption>\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 42.3868%;height: 15px;text-align: center\"><strong>Advantages<\/strong><\/td>\n<td class=\"shaded\" style=\"width: 41.0296%;height: 15px;text-align: center\"><strong>Disadvantages<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 151px\">\n<td style=\"width: 42.3868%;height: 116px;text-align: center\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Broad audience<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Targeted recruitment<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Rapid recruitment<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Engagement<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Reduced cost<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 41.0296%;height: 116px\">\n<ul>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Representativeness<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Privacy concerns and limited control<\/li>\n<li style=\"text-align: left\">Limited access<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<figure id=\"attachment_426\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-426\" style=\"width: 528px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"528\" height=\"344\" class=\"wp-image-426\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1.jpg 638w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1-300x196.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1-65x42.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1-225x147.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/431\/2025\/03\/jmir_v25i1e47705_fig1-350x228.jpg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 528px) 100vw, 528px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-426\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Advantages and disadvantages of social media recruitment. (Taken from Oudat &amp; Bakas, 2023)<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<h2>Barriers in Digital Research<\/h2>\n<p>You\u2019ve done the work to ensure a private and ethical research space for your online survey. So why do people still say no to research? Sometimes, they\u2019re just not interested in the topic. Maybe the poster wasn&#8217;t engaging enough? Other times, it\u2019s more complicated: privacy concerns, lack of trust, digital access barriers, or even just being too busy.<\/p>\n<p>Digital research adds another layer of difficulty. Some potential participants don\u2019t have reliable internet, a computer, or the technology skills to navigate an online study. Others may feel research isn\u2019t meant for them, especially if they don\u2019t see their community represented in other studies.<\/p>\n<div class=\"postbox h5p-sidebar\">\n<div class=\"h5p-action-bar-settings h5p-panel\">\n<p><code><code><\/code><\/code><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"font-size: 0.9rem;text-align: initial;background-color: #c0bdcd;color: #000000;font-style: normal\"><\/span><code style=\"font-size: 0.9rem;text-align: initial;background-color: #c0bdcd;font-style: normal\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-9\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-9\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"9\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Module 7 Q1\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>To reduce participation barriers, offering multiple ways to engage, providing support, and ensuring your survey design is accessible for all participants will support participation.<\/p>\n<p>Ultimately, putting participants first will help you understand how best to reach them. Taking the time to answer questions, showing respect for participants\u2019 time, and ensuring ethical recruitment practices can turn hesitant individuals into engaged contributors.<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<p><strong>\ud83e\uddd0 Consider This!<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Who makes up your target population? What participation barriers might they encounter?<\/p>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":554,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-103","chapter","type-chapter","status-web-only","hentry","chapter-type-standard"],"part":77,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/103","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/554"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=103"}],"version-history":[{"count":18,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/103\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":925,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/103\/revisions\/925"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/77"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/103\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=103"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=103"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=103"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessibledigitalsurveyresearch\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=103"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}