{"id":374,"date":"2025-01-26T03:30:40","date_gmt":"2025-01-26T08:30:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/?post_type=back-matter&p=374"},"modified":"2025-04-28T11:07:39","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T15:07:39","slug":"glossary","status":"publish","type":"back-matter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/back-matter\/glossary\/","title":{"raw":"Glossary","rendered":"Glossary"},"content":{"raw":"","rendered":"
\n
able body<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A body that adheres to specific standards of functioning, fitness, appearance, strength, energy, capacity, reason, and competence, among other factors.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

ableism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A network of beliefs, processes and practices that produce a particular kind of self and body that becomes the normative standard, or the \"species typical.\" (Kumari-Campbell, 2021). Can also refer to discrimination or prejudice against disabled people (see also: \"disableism\").<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

access gestures<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Digital features that enhance accessibility such as open captions, image description, plain language etc.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Accessibility for Ontarians with Disabilities Act (AODA)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An Ontario law aimed at setting the standards for accessibility and making public spaces more accessible. The AODA was enacted in 2005 with the goal of improving accessibility standards in all public establishments by 2025.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

biomedical model of health<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A traditional Western model of health that equates health with the absence of disease, often focusing on individual physical or mental conditions that require medical intervention.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Black feminist health science studies<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An interdisciplinary field of study that examines the health and well-being of marginalized groups, particularly around the intersection of race, gender, and health.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

bodymind or body-mind<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A way of describing the human body and mind as a single, inseparable unit. This approach rejects the traditional Western dualism between body and mind.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Canada Health Act<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Federal legislation that ensures that publicly funded health care services are available to residents of Canada, focusing on reasonable access without financial or other barriers.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Canada Health Transfer<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Federal funding provided to provincial healthcare systems. This funding is meant to be conditional on provinces meeting the criteria and conditions of the Canada Health Act.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Canadian Institute for Health Information<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A national organization that provides standardized data and analyses on healthcare systems in Canada, including access to services and health outcomes.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

capitalism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An economic system where private individuals and organizations own property and businesses, and make decisions based on profit.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

charity model<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An perspective on disability where disabled people are seen as objects of tragic misfortunate, focusing on charity rather than empowerment or inclusion.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

collective care<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Communities organizing themselves to meet each other\u2019s needs through solidarity as opposed to charity.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

colonialism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A system in which a population establishes control over a foreign territory, exploiting its resources, people, and land, often leading to long-lasting social, economic, and cultural impacts.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Crip<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A disability rights term that emerged as a reclamation of a once-derogatory label of otherness into a self-proclaimed source of pride, human expansiveness, and non-normative resistance. (Hutcheon & Wolbring, 2013; Thorneycroft, 2024)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

cripping<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A dynamic process that seeks to transform dominant conceptions and practices from those that position disability as a \u201cproblem\u201d to be solved, towards ones that foresee a world with disability as \u201cpossible and desirable\u201d. (McRuer, 2006)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

critical race theory<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A framework that explores how racial inequalities are embedded in social, political, and legal systems.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

curative imaginary<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An understanding of disability that expects and assumes intervention as the sole response to disability without considering any other perspectives or possibilities. (Kafer, 2012)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

decolonization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The process of undoing the colonization of Indigenous peoples and their land, culture, and practices. Decolonization is a process of unlearning, relearning, and rebuilding.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

depoliticize<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The process of removing political and social context and complexity from an issue.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Diagnosis<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A medical process that that identifies and names conditions.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

disability cultural competence<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The ability to understand, support, and co-create an environment that improves the lives of people with disabilities, maintaining the understanding that anyone may become disabled and should therefore\u00a0be provided with the necessary information to be able to live with a disability, including biomedical decision-making, accessible technology and design, disability rights and legislation, and more (Garland-Thompson, 2017).<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

disability justice<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A grassroots movement that advocates for the rights, dignity, and inclusion of disabled people, focusing on intersectionality and collective justice.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Disability Rights Framework<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An approach that addresses disability-based discrimination through legal protections, policy interventions, and rights-based mechanisms.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

disablement<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Literal or figurative barriers in the world that prevent people living with impairments from enacting their desires, participating fully in and taking ownership of their lives.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

disablism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Discrimination or negative treatment directed towards disabled people (e.g., stereotypes, infantilizing policies, or professional or occupational regulations barring the employment of disabled people)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

duty to accommodate<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A legal obligation under human rights laws to modify or adjust policies, practices, or physical environments so that people who are adversely affected by a requirement, rule or standard have access to equal opportunities and benefits.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

ethic of care<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The notion that we all have responsibilities to provide care for one-another. (Eva Fedder Kittay, 2011)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

eugenic ableism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The belief that disabled people are excludable or undesirable, and should be removed from society.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Eurocentric<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A tendency to interpret the world in terms of European values and experiences. Rooted in settler colonialism.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Expertise<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Knowledge that is recognized as authoritative, often based on having certain credentials.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

feminist ethics of care<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A feminist framework that emphasizes the importance of relationships, empathy, and caregiving.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Gatekeeping<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The process through which access to services, resources, or recognition is controlled by institutional or professional authorities.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

grassroots practice<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A movement that is community-driven, often emerging from the needs and experiences of people with direct lived experience. <\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

hacks<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

In disability communities, hacks refer to creative, resourceful adaptations or workarounds that disabled people use to navigate inaccessible environments, technologies, or systems. These can include repurposing everyday objects, inventing tools, or developing strategies that support autonomy and access. <\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

health promotion<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The effort of public health agencies to improve well-being by supporting governments, communities, and individuals to address health challenges. It focuses on creating healthy environments and promoting healthy behaviors through policies and resources. (Public Health Ontario, 2024)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

healthism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A concept in which health is framed as a personal responsibility, defined by individual actions, attitudes, and behaviors. (Crawford, 1980)<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

heteropatriarchy<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

a social system where heterosexual men have power and authority over others.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Human Rights Tribunal of Ontario (HRTO)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A tribunal that hears and rules on complaints relating to the Ontario Human Rights Code. Anyone who believes they have been discriminated against under the Code can bring an application to the Tribunal.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

impairment<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Functional differences, such as sensory or physical differences, for example seeing differently or moving differently.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

institutionalization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The process of confining disabled people to institutions, often as a result of medicalized views of disability.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

intersectionality<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The idea that people\u2019s unique lived experiences are influenced by multiple intersecting factors and identities, including race, gender, class, and disability.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

kinship<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An Indigenous health model that is grounded in the idea of interconnectedness and equality between all forms of life.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Lived experience<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Knowledge rooted in people's own direct experiences of their body, health, and the world.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Mad or mad<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A self-identity held by some people who have accessed psychiatric services or have been told that they have a mental illness. This identity is a way to reclaim a word that was once a slur.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Marxism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A critical theory that focuses on the role of class and economic systems in perpetuating inequality.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Medical Authority<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The social and institutional power granted to medical professionals, knowledge, and systems to define health, illness, disability, and appropriate responses to them.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

medical discourse<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The use of medical knowledge and language to guide societal norms, values, and behaviors, as well as morality.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

medical model<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A perspective on disability that views disability as an individual problem that needs to be diagnosed, treated, or cured in order to return to the able-bodied norm.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

medical philanthropy<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Charitable efforts focused on raising funds for medical research aimed at curing or treating disabilities.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

medicalization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The process of assigning medical meaning to behaviors and conditions, and positioning medical practices as the primary method of treatment or resolution. It often results in the lives of disabled people being imbued in medical meaning.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

medicalized racism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The historical and contemporary forms of structural violence directed towards Indigenous, Black and other racialized people through the institution, policy and practice of medicine.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

neoliberalism<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A political and economic philosophy that prioritizes minimal government intervention, reduced public spending, and more individual responsibility.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

normative<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Societal standards or ideals of what is considered \"normal,\" particularly in relation to bodies and minds, often used in contrast to \"disabled\" bodies.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A program in Ontario that aims to provides financial assistance and other supports to disabled people.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Ontario Works<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A financial assistance program in Ontario that provides support to people in financial need by providing income, employment assistance, and health-related benefits.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Ontario\u2019s Assistive Devices Program (ADP)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A program that provides publicly funded health-related goods, such as wheelchairs and hearing aids through the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Ontario's Human Rights Code<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A provincial law in Ontario that protects people from discrimination in access to commonly used services, housing, and employment within the province on the basis of disability, citizenship, race, place of origin, ethnic origin, colour, ancestry, age, creed, sex\/pregnancy, family status, marital status, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, receipt of public assistance (in housing) and record of offences (in employment).<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

paratransit services<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Public transportation services designed specifically for disabled people, including those who have mobility limitations.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

power relations<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Relationships of dominance and subordination between different groups
\n- Oxford Dictionary<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

psychiatric survivors movement<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A social movement that advocates for the rights of individuals who have experienced psychiatric treatment and challenges the stigma of mental illness<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

psychiatrized<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A complex process that involves the growing influence of psychiatry on society, often leads to attributing psychiatric meaning to social and psychological phenomena.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

public health agencies<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Organizations responsible for promoting and protecting public health through policies, programs, and services aimed at improving the overall health of the community.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

queer theory<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A theory that challenges traditional understandings of gender, sexuality, and identity, and explores how these norms impact diverse communities.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

relationality<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A state of connectedness or being in \"relationship\" with other things.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

social model<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A perspective that sees disability as a result of barriers in society, not an individual deficit, and focuses on removing those barriers.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

social performance<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Societal expectations which include the ability to live independently, work, and minimize vulnerabilities. These expectations are often tied to concepts of \"normal functioning\" and can marginalize those who are unable to meet these standards.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

socially constructed<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

When something is made real because humans agree that it is real. For example, the value of money is a social construct. Money has no inherent value (e.g. it can't be eaten), but it has value in our society due to human consensus.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

structural violence<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

When a social structure or institution causes harm by preventing people from meeting their basic needs.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

systemic<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

Relating to or affecting an entire system, organization, etc. rather than just some parts of it (Cambridge Dictionary).<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

the medical industrial complex<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A system where the healthcare industry prioritizes profit over health, care, and well-being.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

transnational disability theories<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A research body that explores how disability is experienced and understood across different cultures and countries.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

triage protocol<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A system for prioritizing patients in emergencies based on the severity of their conditions and their ability to be evacuated.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

undue hardship<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A situation where accommodations for a person with a disability would result in significant difficulty or expense for an organization, considering factors like cost, resources, and impact on operations.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

Union of the Physically Impaired Against Segregation<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An early UK-based disability rights organization which established the principles of the social model of disability<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

United Nations (UN)<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

An intergovernmental organization established after World War II with the goal of preventing future wars. The UN's objectives include protecting human rights, upholding international law, and maintaining peace and security around the world.<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

white supremacy<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A belief system that promotes the superiority of white people over others, often leading to systemic inequality<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

women\u2019s health movement<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

A social movement that aims to improve the health and well-being of women through advocacy for healthcare reforms and awareness of gender-specific health issues<\/p>\n<\/dd>\n

World Health Organization<\/dfn><\/dt>\n
\n

The United Nations agency that connects nations, partners and people to promote health so that everybody can attain the highest level of health. <\/p>\n<\/dd>\n<\/dl>\n","protected":false},"author":543,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"back-matter-type":[38],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-374","back-matter","type-back-matter","status-publish","hentry","back-matter-type-glossary"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/374","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/back-matter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/543"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/374\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":378,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/374\/revisions\/378"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter\/374\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=374"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"back-matter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/back-matter-type?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=374"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=374"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}