{"id":233,"date":"2025-01-12T23:18:30","date_gmt":"2025-01-13T04:18:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=233"},"modified":"2026-01-12T18:11:46","modified_gmt":"2026-01-12T23:11:46","slug":"other-models-of-disability","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/chapter\/other-models-of-disability\/","title":{"raw":"Who Gets to Define Disability?","rendered":"Who Gets to Define Disability?"},"content":{"raw":"<!-- Key Takeaways -->\r\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #009A44;background-color: #f8fffb;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/noun-key-7464013-300x300.png\" alt=\"key icon\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright\" \/>\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #005c29;font-weight: bold\">Key Terms: Medicalization and Reframing Expertise<\/h3>\r\nThe following key terms are used throughout this module and linked in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/back-matter\/glossary\/\">glossary<\/a>:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1710\"><strong data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1710\">[pb_glossary id=\"1841\"]Expertise[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1848\"]Gatekeeping[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1733\"><strong data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1733\">[pb_glossary id=\"1842\"]Lived experience[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>[pb_glossary id=\"1849\"]Medical authority[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1694\"><strong data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1694\">[pb_glossary id=\"661\"]Medical model of disability[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong data-start=\"1642\" data-end=\"1660\">[pb_glossary id=\"705\"]Medicalization[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1782\"><strong data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1782\">[pb_glossary id=\"876\"]Socially constructed[\/pb_glossary]<\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h1><span style=\"color: #004c9b\">What is Disability Placeholder<\/span><\/h1>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">What is disability section SHORT-and include jessica smiths ted talk<\/span>\r\n\r\n-<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">what is it<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-how do we define it<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-\"in every society and throughout history...\" .\"a problem to solved..WHO<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-so how we tend to solve it...we cant underestimate how it shapes our lvies<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-think of all the times you require \/use medicine. reflect...<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-how does that shape routine...<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-ambivalent relationship between disability and medicine<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-but in other ways it has also narrowed our scope of understanding disability.<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<!-- Media Moment -->\r\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #7474C1;background-color: #f6f6fb;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/noun-video-7467494-300x300.png\" alt=\"Video icon.\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright\" \/>\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #424294;font-weight: bold\">Media Moment<\/h3>\r\n<strong>Time: 11 minutes, 29 seconds<\/strong>\r\n\r\nIn this talk, Jessica Smith reflects on how disability is shaped not only by the body, but by social attitudes, environments, and assumptions about who counts as an expert. Watch the following video here, access it at the link below, or the transcript.\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hYdP6JMvHTs[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hYdP6JMvHTs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Living in an inaccessible world | Jessica Smith | TEDxGEMSNewMillenniumSchool<\/a>\r\n<span>[h5p id=\"34\"]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n\r\n<!-- Activity Box -->\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #004c9b;background-color: #f6faff;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #004c9b;font-weight: bold\">Activity<\/h3>\r\nThe following questions invite you to reflect on key ideas and examples from Jessica Smith\u2019s talk.\r\n<code>[h5p id=\"92\"]<\/code>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p><!-- Key Takeaways --><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #009A44;background-color: #f8fffb;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/noun-key-7464013-300x300.png\" alt=\"key icon\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #005c29;font-weight: bold\">Key Terms: Medicalization and Reframing Expertise<\/h3>\n<p>The following key terms are used throughout this module and linked in the <a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/back-matter\/glossary\/\">glossary<\/a>:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1710\"><strong data-start=\"1697\" data-end=\"1710\"><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-1841\">Expertise<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-1848\">Gatekeeping<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1733\"><strong data-start=\"1713\" data-end=\"1733\"><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-1842\">Lived experience<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-1849\">Medical authority<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1694\"><strong data-start=\"1663\" data-end=\"1694\"><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-661\">Medical model of disability<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong data-start=\"1642\" data-end=\"1660\"><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-705\">Medicalization<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<li data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1782\"><strong data-start=\"1763\" data-end=\"1782\"><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"233-876\">Socially constructed<\/button><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<h1><span style=\"color: #004c9b\">What is Disability Placeholder<\/span><\/h1>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">What is disability section SHORT-and include jessica smiths ted talk<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&#8211;<span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">what is it<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-how do we define it<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-&#8220;in every society and throughout history&#8230;&#8221; .&#8221;a problem to solved..WHO<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-so how we tend to solve it&#8230;we cant underestimate how it shapes our lvies<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-think of all the times you require \/use medicine. reflect&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-how does that shape routine&#8230;<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-ambivalent relationship between disability and medicine<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"background-color: #cc99ff\">-but in other ways it has also narrowed our scope of understanding disability.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><!-- Media Moment --><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #7474C1;background-color: #f6f6fb;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/noun-video-7467494-300x300.png\" alt=\"Video icon.\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #424294;font-weight: bold\">Media Moment<\/h3>\n<p><strong>Time: 11 minutes, 29 seconds<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>In this talk, Jessica Smith reflects on how disability is shaped not only by the body, but by social attitudes, environments, and assumptions about who counts as an expert. Watch the following video here, access it at the link below, or the transcript.<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Living in an inaccessible world | Jessica Smith | TEDxGEMSNewMillenniumSchool\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/hYdP6JMvHTs?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=hYdP6JMvHTs\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Living in an inaccessible world | Jessica Smith | TEDxGEMSNewMillenniumSchool<\/a><br \/>\n<span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-34\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-34\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"34\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Module 2 - Transcript: Living in an inaccessible world\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p><!-- Activity Box --><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #004c9b;background-color: #f6faff;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #004c9b;font-weight: bold\">Activity<\/h3>\n<p>The following questions invite you to reflect on key ideas and examples from Jessica Smith\u2019s talk.<br \/>\n<code><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-92\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-92\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"92\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Understanding Jessica Smith&#039;s Talk\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-1841\" hidden><p>Knowledge that is recognized as authoritative, often based on having certain credentials.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-1848\" hidden><p>The process through which access to services, resources, or recognition is controlled by institutional or professional authorities.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-1842\" hidden><p>Knowledge rooted in people's own direct experiences of their body, health, and the world.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-1849\" hidden><p>The social and institutional power granted to medical professionals, knowledge, and systems to define health, illness, disability, and appropriate responses to them.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-661\" hidden><p>A perspective on disability that views disability as an individual problem that needs to be diagnosed, treated, or cured in order to return to the able-bodied norm.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-705\" hidden><p>The process of assigning medical meaning to behaviors and conditions, and positioning medical practices as the primary method of treatment or resolution. It often results in the lives of disabled people being imbued in medical meaning.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"233-876\" hidden><p>When something is made real because humans agree that it is real. For example, the value of money is a social construct. Money has no inherent value (e.g. it can't be eaten), but it has value in our society due to human consensus.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":543,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-233","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":53,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/233","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/543"}],"version-history":[{"count":44,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/233\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1908,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/233\/revisions\/1908"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/53"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/233\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=233"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=233"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=233"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=233"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}