{"id":460,"date":"2025-01-30T04:49:16","date_gmt":"2025-01-30T09:49:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=460"},"modified":"2025-04-28T11:06:29","modified_gmt":"2025-04-28T15:06:29","slug":"health-promotion","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/chapter\/health-promotion\/","title":{"raw":"Health Promotion","rendered":"Health Promotion"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #BFBE00;background-color: #fffef2;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\"><header class=\"textbox__header\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/thought-bubble-icon-e1743020612176.png\" alt=\"Thought bubble icon\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1127 size-full\" \/>\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #737200;font-weight: bold\">Review and Reflect<\/h3>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nIf you are working through this Pressbook sequentially, you might want to revisit your responses to\r\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/chapter\/other-models-of-disability\/#Reflect2\">this set of questions from Module 2<\/a>, also listed below.\r\n\r\nDo your responses still resonate with you? How have you changed?\r\n\r\nIf you are engaging with the questions for the first time, take a moment to reflect on your relationship to healthcare and medicine.\r\n\r\nConsider the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Describe your health routine.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What technologies does this include (e.g., fitness trackers, diet apps)?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Where have you sought information about health and well-being?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Do you feel you have appropriate access to healthcare? What barriers do you navigate, and how do these impact your sense of well-being?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>How do you make decisions around medical treatments and interventions for yourself and loved ones?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What concerns do you have about medicine and medical interventions, personally and more broadly?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<code>[h5p id=\"47\"]<\/code>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nOne of the ways that ideas about health are disseminated is through public health promotion. Health promotion is the effort of [pb_glossary id=\"724\"]public health agencies[\/pb_glossary] to improve well-being by supporting governments, communities, and individuals to address health challenges through policies and resources that support the creation of healthy environments and encourage healthy behaviours (Public Health Ontario, 2024). The guiding aim of health promotion is to strengthen people\u2019s capacity to take control over and improve their health (Public Health Ontario, 2024; World Health Organization, 2024).\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_462\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"245\"]<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"The image of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. It features a spiral graphic with key health promotion actions written in both English and French. The spiral begins at the centre with &quot;Enable \/ Conferer les moyens,&quot; &quot;Mediate \/ Servir de m\u00e9diateur,&quot; and &quot;Advocate \/ Promouvoir l'id\u00e9e.&quot; Moving outward, additional action areas are labeled: &quot;Develop Personal Skills \/ D\u00e9velopper les aptitudes personnelles,&quot; &quot;Create Supportive Environments \/ Cr\u00e9er des milieux favorables,&quot; &quot;Strengthen Community Action \/ Renforcer l'action communautaire,&quot; &quot;Reorient Health Services \/ R\u00e9orienter les services du sant\u00e9,&quot; and &quot;Build Healthy Public Policy \/ \u00c9tablir une politique publique saine.&quot; The graphic includes logos of the World Health Organization, Health and Welfare Canada, and the Canadian Public Association at the top.\" width=\"245\" height=\"255\" class=\"wp-image-462 size-full\" \/> Cover of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986). Source: Government of Canada. Licensed under the Open Government Licence \u2013 Canada.[\/caption]\r\n\r\nHealth promotion as a concept entered the world stage from Canada, through a 1974 government report, A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (Lalonde, 1974). Considered the first modern government document in the Western world to extend the field of health beyond the biomedical healthcare system, the Lalonde report aimed at equipping individuals and organizations with the information and support needed for the development of healthy lifestyles and community environments (Hancock, 1985). In Ottawa, November 1986, the [pb_glossary id=\"775\"]World Health Organization[\/pb_glossary] (WHO) held its First International Conference on Health Promotion, which led to the signing of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986). The charter committed to a range of efforts by international organizations, governments, and local communities toward the improvement of health promotion with the goal of \u201chealth for all\u201d by the year 2000 (WHO, 1986). The charter urged action in the following areas:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">build healthy public policy<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">create supportive environments<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">strengthen community action<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">develop personal skills<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">reorient health services<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nAccess the charter here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac-aspc\/documents\/services\/health-promotion\/population-health\/ottawa-charter-health-promotion-international-conference-on-health-promotion\/charter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ourbodiesourselves.org\/impact-influence\"><\/a>\r\n\r\nThis international commitment emerged from a shift in public consciousness that had been taking place in the Western world throughout the 1970s. More people were coming to understand health management as being governed by a broader sphere of day-to-day ch<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">oices and conditions rather than something that happens only within doctors\u2019 offices or other medical settings (Crawford, 1980). A \u201cnew health consciousness\u201d was emerging at the time. It recognized heal<\/span>th as an outcome of a range of personal, social, cultural, environmental, and occupational factors that are a product of individual and broader civic choices, attitudes, and behaviours. This consciousness manifested in a number of health movements, such as the [pb_glossary id=\"814\"]women\u2019s health movement[\/pb_glossary] and the [pb_glossary id=\"815\"]psychiatric survivors movement[\/pb_glossary].\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div style=\"gap: 2em;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-start;margin-bottom: 1em\">\r\n<div><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/our-bodies.png\" alt=\"A book cover titled 'Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book By and For Women'. The cover features a black-and-white photograph of women smiling and holding a sign that says 'Women Unite'.\" width=\"283\" height=\"363\" \/><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/on-your-own.png\" alt=\"A book cover titled 'On Our Own: Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System' by Judi Chamberlin. The cover has a textured blue background with a shadowy silhouette of a person in dark tones.\" width=\"257\" height=\"392\" \/><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: center;font-style: italic\">Book covers: <em>Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book By and For Women<\/em>, Revised and Expanded Edition (1979), by the Boston Women\u2019s Health Book Collective; and <em>On Our Own: Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System<\/em>, by Judi Chamberlin. Used under fair dealing for the purposes of research and education.<\/p>\r\nThese health movements expanded the jurisdiction of health to a widening array of functions governed by personal and public life, and pla<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">ced people at the centre of lifestyle choices and habits to manage their health. Individuals were tasked with making health choices in the face of broader cultural conditions and considerations, such as advertising, food availability, environmental factors, disease agents, and more.<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #BFBE00;background-color: #fffef2;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\"><header class=\"textbox__header\"><img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/noun-question-3407906-300x300.png\" alt=\"Question icon\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright\" \/>\r\n<h3 style=\"color: #737200;font-weight: bold\">Reflection Moment<\/h3>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nTake a moment to reflect on these developments in global health promotion. Consider the following questions:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>How did the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion understand or expand the concept of health? How does it situate the role of the public in administering health management?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What do you see as some of the potential positive and negative impacts of the \u201cnew health consciousness\u201d?<\/li>\r\n \t<li>What do you think were the impacts of these public health movements on people with disabilities?<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<code>[h5p id=\"47\"]<\/code>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #BFBE00;background-color: #fffef2;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/thought-bubble-icon-e1743020612176.png\" alt=\"Thought bubble icon\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright wp-image-1127 size-full\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #737200;font-weight: bold\">Review and Reflect<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>If you are working through this Pressbook sequentially, you might want to revisit your responses to<br \/>\n<a href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/chapter\/other-models-of-disability\/#Reflect2\">this set of questions from Module 2<\/a>, also listed below.<\/p>\n<p>Do your responses still resonate with you? How have you changed?<\/p>\n<p>If you are engaging with the questions for the first time, take a moment to reflect on your relationship to healthcare and medicine.<\/p>\n<p>Consider the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Describe your health routine.<\/li>\n<li>What technologies does this include (e.g., fitness trackers, diet apps)?<\/li>\n<li>Where have you sought information about health and well-being?<\/li>\n<li>Do you feel you have appropriate access to healthcare? What barriers do you navigate, and how do these impact your sense of well-being?<\/li>\n<li>How do you make decisions around medical treatments and interventions for yourself and loved ones?<\/li>\n<li>What concerns do you have about medicine and medical interventions, personally and more broadly?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-47\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-47\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"47\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Reflection\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>One of the ways that ideas about health are disseminated is through public health promotion. Health promotion is the effort of <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"460-724\">public health agencies<\/button> to improve well-being by supporting governments, communities, and individuals to address health challenges through policies and resources that support the creation of healthy environments and encourage healthy behaviours (Public Health Ontario, 2024). The guiding aim of health promotion is to strengthen people\u2019s capacity to take control over and improve their health (Public Health Ontario, 2024; World Health Organization, 2024).<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_462\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-462\" style=\"width: 245px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/Picture1.png\" alt=\"The image of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion. It features a spiral graphic with key health promotion actions written in both English and French. The spiral begins at the centre with &quot;Enable \/ Conferer les moyens,&quot; &quot;Mediate \/ Servir de m\u00e9diateur,&quot; and &quot;Advocate \/ Promouvoir l'id\u00e9e.&quot; Moving outward, additional action areas are labeled: &quot;Develop Personal Skills \/ D\u00e9velopper les aptitudes personnelles,&quot; &quot;Create Supportive Environments \/ Cr\u00e9er des milieux favorables,&quot; &quot;Strengthen Community Action \/ Renforcer l'action communautaire,&quot; &quot;Reorient Health Services \/ R\u00e9orienter les services du sant\u00e9,&quot; and &quot;Build Healthy Public Policy \/ \u00c9tablir une politique publique saine.&quot; The graphic includes logos of the World Health Organization, Health and Welfare Canada, and the Canadian Public Association at the top.\" width=\"245\" height=\"255\" class=\"wp-image-462 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/Picture1.png 245w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/Picture1-65x68.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/Picture1-225x234.png 225w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 245px) 100vw, 245px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-462\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Cover of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986). Source: Government of Canada. Licensed under the Open Government Licence \u2013 Canada.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Health promotion as a concept entered the world stage from Canada, through a 1974 government report, A New Perspective on the Health of Canadians (Lalonde, 1974). Considered the first modern government document in the Western world to extend the field of health beyond the biomedical healthcare system, the Lalonde report aimed at equipping individuals and organizations with the information and support needed for the development of healthy lifestyles and community environments (Hancock, 1985). In Ottawa, November 1986, the <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"460-775\">World Health Organization<\/button> (WHO) held its First International Conference on Health Promotion, which led to the signing of the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986). The charter committed to a range of efforts by international organizations, governments, and local communities toward the improvement of health promotion with the goal of \u201chealth for all\u201d by the year 2000 (WHO, 1986). The charter urged action in the following areas:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">build healthy public policy<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">create supportive environments<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">strengthen community action<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">develop personal skills<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">reorient health services<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Access the charter here: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/content\/dam\/phac-aspc\/documents\/services\/health-promotion\/population-health\/ottawa-charter-health-promotion-international-conference-on-health-promotion\/charter.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion<\/a><a href=\"https:\/\/ourbodiesourselves.org\/impact-influence\"><\/a><\/p>\n<p>This international commitment emerged from a shift in public consciousness that had been taking place in the Western world throughout the 1970s. More people were coming to understand health management as being governed by a broader sphere of day-to-day ch<span style=\"font-size: 1em;text-align: initial\">oices and conditions rather than something that happens only within doctors\u2019 offices or other medical settings (Crawford, 1980). A \u201cnew health consciousness\u201d was emerging at the time. It recognized heal<\/span>th as an outcome of a range of personal, social, cultural, environmental, and occupational factors that are a product of individual and broader civic choices, attitudes, and behaviours. This consciousness manifested in a number of health movements, such as the <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"460-814\">women\u2019s health movement<\/button> and the <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"460-815\">psychiatric survivors movement<\/button>.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div style=\"gap: 2em;justify-content: center;align-items: flex-start;margin-bottom: 1em\">\n<div><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/our-bodies.png\" alt=\"A book cover titled 'Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book By and For Women'. The cover features a black-and-white photograph of women smiling and holding a sign that says 'Women Unite'.\" width=\"283\" height=\"363\" \/><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/on-your-own.png\" alt=\"A book cover titled 'On Our Own: Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System' by Judi Chamberlin. The cover has a textured blue background with a shadowy silhouette of a person in dark tones.\" width=\"257\" height=\"392\" \/><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;font-style: italic\">Book covers: <em>Our Bodies, Ourselves: A Book By and For Women<\/em>, Revised and Expanded Edition (1979), by the Boston Women\u2019s Health Book Collective; and <em>On Our Own: Patient-Controlled Alternatives to the Mental Health System<\/em>, by Judi Chamberlin. Used under fair dealing for the purposes of research and education.<\/p>\n<p>These health movements expanded the jurisdiction of health to a widening array of functions governed by personal and public life, and pla<span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">ced people at the centre of lifestyle choices and habits to manage their health. Individuals were tasked with making health choices in the face of broader cultural conditions and considerations, such as advertising, food availability, environmental factors, disease agents, and more.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox\" style=\"border-left: 6px solid #BFBE00;background-color: #fffef2;padding: 1em;margin-bottom: 2em\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/422\/2025\/01\/noun-question-3407906-300x300.png\" alt=\"Question icon\" width=\"80\" height=\"80\" class=\"alignright\" \/><\/p>\n<h3 style=\"color: #737200;font-weight: bold\">Reflection Moment<\/h3>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>Take a moment to reflect on these developments in global health promotion. Consider the following questions:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>How did the Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion understand or expand the concept of health? How does it situate the role of the public in administering health management?<\/li>\n<li>What do you see as some of the potential positive and negative impacts of the \u201cnew health consciousness\u201d?<\/li>\n<li>What do you think were the impacts of these public health movements on people with disabilities?<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><code><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-47\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-47\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"47\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Reflection\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/code><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"460-724\" hidden><p>Organizations responsible for promoting and protecting public health through policies, programs, and services aimed at improving the overall health of the community.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"460-775\" hidden><p>The United Nations agency that connects nations, partners and people to promote health so that everybody can attain the highest level of health. <\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"460-814\" hidden><p>A social movement that aims to improve the health and well-being of women through advocacy for healthcare reforms and awareness of gender-specific health issues<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"460-815\" hidden><p>A social movement that advocates for the rights of individuals who have experienced psychiatric treatment and challenges the stigma of mental illness<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":543,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-460","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":63,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/460","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/543"}],"version-history":[{"count":49,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/460\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1468,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/460\/revisions\/1468"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/63"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/460\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=460"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=460"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=460"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/accessiblehealthcare\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=460"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}