{"id":182,"date":"2022-12-01T07:44:29","date_gmt":"2022-12-01T12:44:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=182"},"modified":"2022-12-29T16:46:54","modified_gmt":"2022-12-29T21:46:54","slug":"what-it-means-to-be-a-critical-ally","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/chapter\/what-it-means-to-be-a-critical-ally\/","title":{"raw":"What it Means to be a Critical Ally","rendered":"What it Means to be a Critical Ally"},"content":{"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Critical allyship<\/strong> is an important part of being anti-racist. Proudly labelling yourself an ally is not enough. Many self-proclaimed allies approach anti-racism through a non-Black\/non-racialized perspective. Most have good intentions, but this does not necessarily translate into effective actions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Critical allyship can be defined as an <strong>ongoing <\/strong>and <strong>active practice<\/strong> of working toward <strong>eradicating racism in solidarity<\/strong> with <strong>marginalized <\/strong>and <strong>oppressed groups<\/strong> (Nixon, 2019; The Anti-Oppression Network, n.d.). An important element of this definition is the word \u201cactive\u201d \u2013 you should take action by supporting non-dominant groups, addressing and dismantling discrimination, and working to promote social justice; this kind of action should also be informed, meaning that you should educate yourself (Brown &amp; Ostrove, 2013). Don\u2019t just say you are an ally \u2013 you need to <strong>act <\/strong>to be a real ally. Critical allyship involves open and explicit support for marginalized groups and taking action to support these groups. Another important element of the definition is that actions should involve solidarity with marginalized and oppressed groups. Critical allyship involves working with these groups to explore what they believe is in their best interests and acting in unity with them (The Anti-Oppression Network, n.d.).<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">As the world transitions to a digital era, allyship has followed suit and faced some unforeseen changes. <strong>Passive forms of allyship<\/strong> have emerged, which has led to the need for critical allyship. For example, social media users often use a shield of kindness to over-compensate for the lack of true allyship. They might \u201clike\u201d and \u201crepost\u201d allyship posts and resources.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Specific examples of this kind of <strong>digital allyship<\/strong> include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Tweeting out the hashtag \u201cBlack Lives Matter\u201d and signing off.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Reposting resources for anti-Black racism and ending the conversation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Self-proclaiming oneself as an ally and doing nothing more.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Let\u2019s step back and evaluate what it means to be an ally beyond the digital world. Being a digital ally proves to your social circle that you care about social issues and anti-Black racism, but what can you do beyond that? A critical ally goes beyond posting on social media and engaging in meaningful actions. For example, a <strong>critical ally<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Has the intention<\/strong> to create meaningful and valuable change. Speaking out goes beyond the digital world: it means speaking out with and among peers and <strong>amplifying Black and racialized voices<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Has <strong>genuine presence<\/strong> (Hardiman &amp; Dewing, 2014) in the community and situation. A critical ally is present and not simply a bystander. Take the time to step into situations and to be physically and emotionally supportive of your Black peers and counterparts.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Actively listens<\/strong> to the Black and racialized community and peers. A critical ally takes the opportunity to learn from those around them but also seeks out learning opportunities to understand the full spectrum of anti-Black racism and other forms of racism.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Takes <strong>accountability<\/strong> for their actions and lack thereof. Take the time to ask critical questions, admit to gaps in knowledge about anti-Black racism, and take the opportunity to fill these gaps.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Did you Know?<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\nA critical ally is one who actively works to fight anti-Black racism and other forms of racism. An ally goes beyond one step and one action and instead actively cultivates anti-racism into daily life so that it becomes second nature.\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">References<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Brown, K. T., &amp; Ostrove, J. M. (2013). What does it mean to be an ally?: The perception of allies from the perspective of people of colour. <em>Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43<\/em>(11), 2211\u20132222.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jasp.12172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jasp.12172<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hardiman, M. &amp; Dewing, J. (2014). Critical ally and critical friend: Stepping stones to facilitating practice development. <em>International Practice Development Journal, 4<\/em>(1), 1\u201319.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19043\/ipdj.41.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19043\/ipdj.41.003<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Nixon, S. (2019). The coin model of privilege and critical allyship: Implications for health. <em>BMC Public Health, 19<\/em>, 1637<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7884-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7884-9<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Anti-Oppression Network (n.d.). <em>Allyship<\/em>.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/theantioppressionnetwork.com\/allyship\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/theantioppressionnetwork.com\/allyship\/<\/a><\/p>\r\n<br style=\"font-weight: 400\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400\" \/>","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Critical allyship<\/strong> is an important part of being anti-racist. Proudly labelling yourself an ally is not enough. Many self-proclaimed allies approach anti-racism through a non-Black\/non-racialized perspective. Most have good intentions, but this does not necessarily translate into effective actions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Critical allyship can be defined as an <strong>ongoing <\/strong>and <strong>active practice<\/strong> of working toward <strong>eradicating racism in solidarity<\/strong> with <strong>marginalized <\/strong>and <strong>oppressed groups<\/strong> (Nixon, 2019; The Anti-Oppression Network, n.d.). An important element of this definition is the word \u201cactive\u201d \u2013 you should take action by supporting non-dominant groups, addressing and dismantling discrimination, and working to promote social justice; this kind of action should also be informed, meaning that you should educate yourself (Brown &amp; Ostrove, 2013). Don\u2019t just say you are an ally \u2013 you need to <strong>act <\/strong>to be a real ally. Critical allyship involves open and explicit support for marginalized groups and taking action to support these groups. Another important element of the definition is that actions should involve solidarity with marginalized and oppressed groups. Critical allyship involves working with these groups to explore what they believe is in their best interests and acting in unity with them (The Anti-Oppression Network, n.d.).<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">As the world transitions to a digital era, allyship has followed suit and faced some unforeseen changes. <strong>Passive forms of allyship<\/strong> have emerged, which has led to the need for critical allyship. For example, social media users often use a shield of kindness to over-compensate for the lack of true allyship. They might \u201clike\u201d and \u201crepost\u201d allyship posts and resources.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Specific examples of this kind of <strong>digital allyship<\/strong> include:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Tweeting out the hashtag \u201cBlack Lives Matter\u201d and signing off.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Reposting resources for anti-Black racism and ending the conversation.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Self-proclaiming oneself as an ally and doing nothing more.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Let\u2019s step back and evaluate what it means to be an ally beyond the digital world. Being a digital ally proves to your social circle that you care about social issues and anti-Black racism, but what can you do beyond that? A critical ally goes beyond posting on social media and engaging in meaningful actions. For example, a <strong>critical ally<\/strong>:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Has the intention<\/strong> to create meaningful and valuable change. Speaking out goes beyond the digital world: it means speaking out with and among peers and <strong>amplifying Black and racialized voices<\/strong>.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Has <strong>genuine presence<\/strong> (Hardiman &amp; Dewing, 2014) in the community and situation. A critical ally is present and not simply a bystander. Take the time to step into situations and to be physically and emotionally supportive of your Black peers and counterparts.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Actively listens<\/strong> to the Black and racialized community and peers. A critical ally takes the opportunity to learn from those around them but also seeks out learning opportunities to understand the full spectrum of anti-Black racism and other forms of racism.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Takes <strong>accountability<\/strong> for their actions and lack thereof. Take the time to ask critical questions, admit to gaps in knowledge about anti-Black racism, and take the opportunity to fill these gaps.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\">Did you Know?<\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p>A critical ally is one who actively works to fight anti-Black racism and other forms of racism. An ally goes beyond one step and one action and instead actively cultivates anti-racism into daily life so that it becomes second nature.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">References<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Brown, K. T., &amp; Ostrove, J. M. (2013). What does it mean to be an ally?: The perception of allies from the perspective of people of colour. <em>Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 43<\/em>(11), 2211\u20132222.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jasp.12172\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/jasp.12172<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Hardiman, M. &amp; Dewing, J. (2014). Critical ally and critical friend: Stepping stones to facilitating practice development. <em>International Practice Development Journal, 4<\/em>(1), 1\u201319.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19043\/ipdj.41.003\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.19043\/ipdj.41.003<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Nixon, S. (2019). The coin model of privilege and critical allyship: Implications for health. <em>BMC Public Health, 19<\/em>, 1637<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7884-9\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-019-7884-9<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The Anti-Oppression Network (n.d.). <em>Allyship<\/em>.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/theantioppressionnetwork.com\/allyship\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/theantioppressionnetwork.com\/allyship\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><br style=\"font-weight: 400\" \/><br style=\"font-weight: 400\" \/><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"menu_order":4,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-182","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":174,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/182","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/111"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/182\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":416,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/182\/revisions\/416"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/174"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/182\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=182"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=182"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/antiracismnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=182"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}