{"id":1056,"date":"2022-09-19T09:08:32","date_gmt":"2022-09-19T13:08:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/brief-pain-inventory\/"},"modified":"2026-06-17T14:49:24","modified_gmt":"2026-06-17T18:49:24","slug":"brief-pain-inventory","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/brief-pain-inventory\/","title":{"raw":"Brief Pain Inventory","rendered":"Brief Pain Inventory"},"content":{"raw":"<span style=\"color: #000000\">The<strong> Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)<\/strong> (is a commonly used multidimensional tool for assessing pain in clinical environments (Cleeland, 2009). It was originally developed to assess cancer-related pain, but it is also a valid and reliable measure with other conditions (Cleeland, 2009). For example, a systematic review found a moderate quality of evidence for its clinical use related to postoperative pain assessment (Lapkin et al, 2021).<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">In comparison to the PQRSTU mnemonic, the <strong>BPI provides a more comprehensive evaluation of pain<\/strong> and has been more widely tested (Cleeland, 2009):<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It focuses on assessing pain intensity over the past week and interference with a client\u2019s daily life.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It takes 5\u201310 minutes to complete.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It can be self-administered by clients who are literate or administered by healthcare professionals when the client has reduced literacy.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It can be translated into other languages for clients who do not speak English, and has already been validated in many languages including French, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Italian, Russian, German, and Spanish, among others.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Because of its focus on <strong>assessing pain over time <\/strong>and <strong>interference with daily lives<\/strong>, it is commonly used in primary care and for assessing chronic pain. A long and a short version<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">are available; the shorter version has become the standard in clinical practice (Cleeland, 2009) - thus we encourage you to review the short version and understand it. Here is a link to information related the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/research\/departments-labs-institutes\/departments-divisions\/symptom-research\/symptom-assessment-tools\/brief-pain-inventory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BPI<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Clinical Tip<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Provide clients with enough time to complete the BPI. The tool is often used at in-patient units and for clients with chronic pain, who may require additional time because pain can affect cognitive functioning. Many in-patient oncology units have clients complete the BPI on admission, and then weekly, to evaluate their pain over periods of time.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Cleeland, C. (2009). The Brief Pain Inventory: User guide.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/content\/dam\/mdanderson\/documents\/Departments-and-Divisions\/Symptom-Research\/BPI_UserGuide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/content\/dam\/mdanderson\/documents\/Departments-and-Divisions\/Symptom-Research\/BPI_UserGuide.pdf<\/a>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Lapkin, S., Ellwood, L., Diwan, A., &amp; Fernandez, R. (2021). Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of multidimensional pain assessment tools used in postoperative adult patients: A systematic review of measurement properties. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 19(2), 284-307.<\/span>","rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The<strong> Brief Pain Inventory (BPI)<\/strong> (is a commonly used multidimensional tool for assessing pain in clinical environments (Cleeland, 2009). It was originally developed to assess cancer-related pain, but it is also a valid and reliable measure with other conditions (Cleeland, 2009). For example, a systematic review found a moderate quality of evidence for its clinical use related to postoperative pain assessment (Lapkin et al, 2021).<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">In comparison to the PQRSTU mnemonic, the <strong>BPI provides a more comprehensive evaluation of pain<\/strong> and has been more widely tested (Cleeland, 2009):<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It focuses on assessing pain intensity over the past week and interference with a client\u2019s daily life.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It takes 5\u201310 minutes to complete.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It can be self-administered by clients who are literate or administered by healthcare professionals when the client has reduced literacy.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">It can be translated into other languages for clients who do not speak English, and has already been validated in many languages including French, Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Italian, Russian, German, and Spanish, among others.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Because of its focus on <strong>assessing pain over time <\/strong>and <strong>interference with daily lives<\/strong>, it is commonly used in primary care and for assessing chronic pain. A long and a short version<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\">are available; the shorter version has become the standard in clinical practice (Cleeland, 2009) &#8211; thus we encourage you to review the short version and understand it. Here is a link to information related the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/research\/departments-labs-institutes\/departments-divisions\/symptom-research\/symptom-assessment-tools\/brief-pain-inventory.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">BPI<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Clinical Tip<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Provide clients with enough time to complete the BPI. The tool is often used at in-patient units and for clients with chronic pain, who may require additional time because pain can affect cognitive functioning. Many in-patient oncology units have clients complete the BPI on admission, and then weekly, to evaluate their pain over periods of time.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>References<\/strong><\/span><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Cleeland, C. (2009). The Brief Pain Inventory: User guide.<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/content\/dam\/mdanderson\/documents\/Departments-and-Divisions\/Symptom-Research\/BPI_UserGuide.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.mdanderson.org\/content\/dam\/mdanderson\/documents\/Departments-and-Divisions\/Symptom-Research\/BPI_UserGuide.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lapkin, S., Ellwood, L., Diwan, A., &amp; Fernandez, R. (2021). Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of multidimensional pain assessment tools used in postoperative adult patients: A systematic review of measurement properties. JBI Evidence Synthesis, 19(2), 284-307.<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"menu_order":14,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[85],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-1056","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-january-2023","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":1022,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1056","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1056\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":4032,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1056\/revisions\/4032"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1022"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1056\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1056"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1056"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1056"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1056"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}