{"id":1180,"date":"2022-11-05T14:14:36","date_gmt":"2022-11-05T18:14:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/introduction-to-the-peripheral-vascular-system\/"},"modified":"2024-05-03T15:45:27","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T19:45:27","slug":"introduction-to-the-peripheral-vascular-system","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/introduction-to-the-peripheral-vascular-system\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to the Peripheral Vascular System","rendered":"Introduction to the Peripheral Vascular System"},"content":{"raw":"<span style=\"color: #000000\">The peripheral vascular system (PVS) is a continuous network of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the periphery and carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and to the lungs for reoxygenation. This system is important in the perfusion and oxygenation of tissues in the periphery. If this system is not functioning properly, perfusion issues can arise including [pb_glossary id=\"1308\"]hypoxia[\/pb_glossary] and tissue damage.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Assessment of the PVS provides information about the functioning of this system and cues that may require action.<\/span>\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Peripheral Vascular System Components<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">The main components of the PVS (see <strong>Table 1<\/strong> and <strong>Figures 1<\/strong> and <strong>2<\/strong>) include:<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Arteries<\/strong>: vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the periphery. Blood in the arteries is referred to as arterial blood. The multiple layers of the arteries are strong and elastic and can dilate (expand in circumference) and recoil (decrease or return to normal size) in relation with cardiac [pb_glossary id=\"1310\"]systole[\/pb_glossary] and [pb_glossary id=\"1312\"]diastole[\/pb_glossary]. These high-pressure vessels dilate when the heart contracts and pumps blood out into them and then recoil to push blood through the arteries, creating a wave of blood through the vessels (felt as a pulse).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Veins<\/strong>: vessels that carry blood back to the heart from the periphery. Blood in the veins is referred to as venous blood. The walls of these vessels are thin in comparison to arteries but have good stretching capacity, so they can acclimate to larger volumes of fluid (blood) when needed. Veins are low-pressure vessels because they are further away from the heart than arteries. Cardiac systole (contraction of the heart) does not assist with the forward movement of venous blood the way it does with arterial blood. Rather, forward movement of venous blood is mainly achieved through contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding these veins and [pb_glossary id=\"1316\"]intraluminal valves[\/pb_glossary] in the veins that maintain unidirectional blood flow and prevent backward flow of blood.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Capillaries<\/strong>: small blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins. Their main function is to facilitate the exchange of materials between blood and body tissues (e.g., muscles, kidneys, liver). They deliver blood and its components (nutrients and oxygen) to tissues throughout the body and transport waste products.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">You have already learned about the anatomy and physiology of the PVS assessment: see this video for a quick overview: <\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/v43ej5lCeBo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/v43ej5lCeBo<\/a>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Table 1<\/strong>: Comparison of arteries and veins. (Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a>] <span style=\"color: #000000\">by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1.png\" alt=\"Comparison of arteries and veins. More information in the link above.\" width=\"628\" height=\"323\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1175 size-full\" \/>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulatory-pathway-Arteries.jpeg\" alt=\"Arteries throughout the body shown and named. More information in the link below.\" width=\"335\" height=\"543\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-670\" \/> <img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulatory-pathway-Veins.jpeg\" alt=\"Veins throughout the body shown and named. More information in the link below.\" width=\"345\" height=\"525\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-671\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>: Peripheral vascular system anatomy. (Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">] by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Capillary-bed.jpeg\" alt=\"How the arterial system and venous system connect to the capillary bed.\" width=\"650\" height=\"384\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-668\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 2<\/strong>: Capillaries. (Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a>] <span style=\"color: #000000\">by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Clinical Tip<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">The PVS is interconnected with many other body systems, so it is rarely assessed in isolation. When attempting to make sense of cues, nurses commonly assess other body systems including cardiovascular, integumentary, lymphatic, and musculoskeletal. See <strong>Figure 3<\/strong> for related systems. For example, the PVS might be assessed along with a cardiovascular assessment to assess perfusion and also with the musculoskeletal system to assess potential blood flow interruptions. The PVS is also closely related to the lymphatic system and connected via the capillaries. In addition, many PVS conditions affect the skin, thus the integumentary system is often assessed.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation.jpeg\" alt=\"Diagram showing the pulmonary and systemic circulation.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1179\" \/>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 3<\/strong>: Pulmonary and systemic circulation.<\/span>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">(Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a>] <span style=\"color: #000000\">by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a>)\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div align=\"left\">\r\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Activity: Check your Understanding<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\r\n<div class=\"postbox h5p-sidebar\">\r\n<div class=\"h5p-action-bar-settings h5p-panel\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">[h5p id=\"91\"]<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The peripheral vascular system (PVS) is a continuous network of blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the periphery and carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart and to the lungs for reoxygenation. This system is important in the perfusion and oxygenation of tissues in the periphery. If this system is not functioning properly, perfusion issues can arise including <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"1180-1308\">hypoxia<\/button> and tissue damage.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Assessment of the PVS provides information about the functioning of this system and cues that may require action.<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Peripheral Vascular System Components<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The main components of the PVS (see <strong>Table 1<\/strong> and <strong>Figures 1<\/strong> and <strong>2<\/strong>) include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Arteries<\/strong>: vessels that carry blood away from the heart to the periphery. Blood in the arteries is referred to as arterial blood. The multiple layers of the arteries are strong and elastic and can dilate (expand in circumference) and recoil (decrease or return to normal size) in relation with cardiac <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"1180-1310\">systole<\/button> and <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"1180-1312\">diastole<\/button>. These high-pressure vessels dilate when the heart contracts and pumps blood out into them and then recoil to push blood through the arteries, creating a wave of blood through the vessels (felt as a pulse).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Veins<\/strong>: vessels that carry blood back to the heart from the periphery. Blood in the veins is referred to as venous blood. The walls of these vessels are thin in comparison to arteries but have good stretching capacity, so they can acclimate to larger volumes of fluid (blood) when needed. Veins are low-pressure vessels because they are further away from the heart than arteries. Cardiac systole (contraction of the heart) does not assist with the forward movement of venous blood the way it does with arterial blood. Rather, forward movement of venous blood is mainly achieved through contraction of the skeletal muscles surrounding these veins and <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"1180-1316\">intraluminal valves<\/button> in the veins that maintain unidirectional blood flow and prevent backward flow of blood.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Capillaries<\/strong>: small blood vessels that connect the arteries to the veins. Their main function is to facilitate the exchange of materials between blood and body tissues (e.g., muscles, kidneys, liver). They deliver blood and its components (nutrients and oxygen) to tissues throughout the body and transport waste products.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">You have already learned about the anatomy and physiology of the PVS assessment: see this video for a quick overview: <\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/v43ej5lCeBo\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/v43ej5lCeBo<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Table 1<\/strong>: Comparison of arteries and veins. (Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a>] <span style=\"color: #000000\">by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1.png\" alt=\"Comparison of arteries and veins. More information in the link above.\" width=\"628\" height=\"323\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1175 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1.png 628w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1-65x33.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1-225x116.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/11\/Picture1-1-350x180.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 628px) 100vw, 628px\" \/><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulatory-pathway-Arteries.jpeg\" alt=\"Arteries throughout the body shown and named. More information in the link below.\" width=\"335\" height=\"543\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-670\" \/> <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulatory-pathway-Veins.jpeg\" alt=\"Veins throughout the body shown and named. More information in the link below.\" width=\"345\" height=\"525\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-671\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>: Peripheral vascular system anatomy. (Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">] by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Capillary-bed.jpeg\" alt=\"How the arterial system and venous system connect to the capillary bed.\" width=\"650\" height=\"384\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-668\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 2<\/strong>: Capillaries. (Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a>] <span style=\"color: #000000\">by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><span style=\"color: #000000\">)<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Clinical Tip<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">The PVS is interconnected with many other body systems, so it is rarely assessed in isolation. When attempting to make sense of cues, nurses commonly assess other body systems including cardiovascular, integumentary, lymphatic, and musculoskeletal. See <strong>Figure 3<\/strong> for related systems. For example, the PVS might be assessed along with a cardiovascular assessment to assess perfusion and also with the musculoskeletal system to assess potential blood flow interruptions. The PVS is also closely related to the lymphatic system and connected via the capillaries. In addition, many PVS conditions affect the skin, thus the integumentary system is often assessed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation.jpeg\" alt=\"Diagram showing the pulmonary and systemic circulation.\" width=\"800\" height=\"543\" class=\"alignnone wp-image-1179\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation.jpeg 1942w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-300x203.jpeg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-1024x694.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-768x521.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-1536x1042.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-65x44.jpeg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-225x153.jpeg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Circulation-350x237.jpeg 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 800px) 100vw, 800px\" \/><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 3<\/strong>: Pulmonary and systemic circulation.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Image from<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction.\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Anatomy and Physiology<\/a> <span style=\"color: #000000\">[on<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">OpenStax<\/a>] <span style=\"color: #000000\">by Betts et al., used under a<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">CC BY 4.0 international license<\/a>. <span style=\"color: #000000\">Download and access this book for free at<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a>)<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div style=\"text-align: left;\">\n<h3><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Activity: Check your Understanding<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n<div class=\"postbox h5p-sidebar\">\n<div class=\"h5p-action-bar-settings h5p-panel\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-91\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-91\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"91\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"H5P Course Presentation: Introduction to the Peripheral Vascular System\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"1180-1308\" hidden><p>refers to low levels of oxygen in tissues and organs.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"1180-1310\" hidden><p>is the cardiac phase when the heart is full of blood and the ventricles contract ejecting blood into the arteries.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"1180-1312\" hidden><p>is the cardiac phase when the heart's chambers are at their lowest pressure and filling with blood.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"1180-1316\" hidden><p>are valves within the veins.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":34,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[85],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-1180","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-january-2023","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":1171,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1180","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1913,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1180\/revisions\/1913"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1171"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1180\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1180"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1180"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}