{"id":1218,"date":"2022-12-01T14:34:24","date_gmt":"2022-12-01T19:34:24","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/introduction-to-lymphatic-system\/"},"modified":"2024-05-03T15:47:38","modified_gmt":"2024-05-03T19:47:38","slug":"introduction-to-lymphatic-system","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/introduction-to-lymphatic-system\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Lymphatic System","rendered":"Introduction to Lymphatic System"},"content":{"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymphatic system (see <strong>Figure 1, 2,<\/strong> and <strong>3<\/strong> for an anatomical overview) includes lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid tissues. This system plays a valuable role in <strong>fluid balance<\/strong> and <strong>filtering pathogens<\/strong> and <strong>waste<\/strong> such as cellular debris. Assessment of the lymphatic system provides important information about the functioning of this system and potential cues that require further action.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymphatic system involves the following processes:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fluids and proteins leak from the vascular system into the [pb_glossary id=\"1376\"]interstitial space[\/pb_glossary]. As previously discussed in the peripheral vascular chapter, much of this fluid is reabsorbed back into the venous system.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Some of the fluid and proteins (including waste and pathogens) in the interstitial space are absorbed by the lymphatic capillaries into the lymphatic system, which becomes lymph (i.e., lymphatic fluid that is rich in proteins).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymph travels along the [pb_glossary id=\"1378\"]lymphatic vessels[\/pb_glossary] so that fluid and proteins can be returned from the lymphatic system into the bloodstream to ensure sufficient blood volume in the cardiovascular system. The lymph is returned to the bloodstream through the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct into the subclavian veins. Attached to the lymphatic vessels are hundreds of lymph nodes throughout the body, which filter the lymph and cleanse it.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lymph nodes can be found all over the body and are often assessed in the head\/neck, axilla, anterior chest, upper arm, and groin areas.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">You have already learned about the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, here is a quick overview of how it works:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QD9AdNXSQe4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QD9AdNXSQe4<\/a>\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">An additional resource is this video:<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I7orwMgTQ5I&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOAKed_MxxWBNaPno5h3Zs8&amp;index=46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watchv=I7orwMgTQ5I&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOAKed_MxxWBNaPno5h3Zs8&amp;index=46<\/a>\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Clinical Tip<\/strong><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymphatic system is rarely assessed in isolation because it is closely linked to many other systems including the cardiovascular system, peripheral vascular system, respiratory system, immune system, gastrointestinal system, and musculoskeletal system.<\/span><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/Lympathic-System.jpeg\" alt=\"Components of the lymphatic system. More information in the links.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-997\" width=\"401\" height=\"422\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> Overview of lymphatic system.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-300x272.png\" alt=\"The location of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct on the left side.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1216\" width=\"419\" height=\"380\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 2:<\/strong> Lymphatic ducts.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<img src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-300x213.png\" alt=\"How the lymphatic capillaries connect in the interstitial spaces. More information in the links.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1217\" width=\"424\" height=\"301\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 3:<\/strong> Lymphatic capillaries.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Attribution for all three images: Gordon Betts, J., Young, K.A., Wise, J.A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D.H., Korol, O., Johnson, J.E., Womble, M., &amp; DeSaix, P. (2013). The Lymphatic and Immune System. In Anatomy and Physiology. OpenStax. Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0. Book URL:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Section URL: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/21-1-anatomy-of-the-lymphatic-and-immune-systems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/21-1-anatomy-of-the-lymphatic-and-immune-systems<\/a>)<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Activity: Check Your Understanding<\/h2>\r\n[h5p id=\"97\"]","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymphatic system (see <strong>Figure 1, 2,<\/strong> and <strong>3<\/strong> for an anatomical overview) includes lymphatic capillaries, lymphatic vessels, lymph nodes, and other lymphoid tissues. This system plays a valuable role in <strong>fluid balance<\/strong> and <strong>filtering pathogens<\/strong> and <strong>waste<\/strong> such as cellular debris. Assessment of the lymphatic system provides important information about the functioning of this system and potential cues that require further action.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymphatic system involves the following processes:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul style=\"text-align: left\">\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Fluids and proteins leak from the vascular system into the <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"1218-1376\">interstitial space<\/button>. As previously discussed in the peripheral vascular chapter, much of this fluid is reabsorbed back into the venous system.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Some of the fluid and proteins (including waste and pathogens) in the interstitial space are absorbed by the lymphatic capillaries into the lymphatic system, which becomes lymph (i.e., lymphatic fluid that is rich in proteins).<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymph travels along the <button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"1218-1378\">lymphatic vessels<\/button> so that fluid and proteins can be returned from the lymphatic system into the bloodstream to ensure sufficient blood volume in the cardiovascular system. The lymph is returned to the bloodstream through the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct into the subclavian veins. Attached to the lymphatic vessels are hundreds of lymph nodes throughout the body, which filter the lymph and cleanse it.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000\">Lymph nodes can be found all over the body and are often assessed in the head\/neck, axilla, anterior chest, upper arm, and groin areas.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">You have already learned about the anatomy and physiology of the lymphatic system, here is a quick overview of how it works:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QD9AdNXSQe4\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=QD9AdNXSQe4<\/a><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">An additional resource is this video:<\/span><span style=\"color: #000000\"> <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=I7orwMgTQ5I&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOAKed_MxxWBNaPno5h3Zs8&amp;index=46\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watchv=I7orwMgTQ5I&amp;list=PL8dPuuaLjXtOAKed_MxxWBNaPno5h3Zs8&amp;index=46<\/a><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<h2 class=\"textbox__title\" style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Clinical Tip<\/strong><\/h2>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The lymphatic system is rarely assessed in isolation because it is closely linked to many other systems including the cardiovascular system, peripheral vascular system, respiratory system, immune system, gastrointestinal system, and musculoskeletal system.<\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2022\/12\/Lympathic-System.jpeg\" alt=\"Components of the lymphatic system. More information in the links.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-997\" width=\"401\" height=\"422\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 1:<\/strong> Overview of lymphatic system.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-300x272.png\" alt=\"The location of the right lymphatic duct and the thoracic duct on the left side.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1216\" width=\"419\" height=\"380\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-300x272.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-1024x928.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-768x696.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-65x59.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-225x204.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM-350x317.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.31.09-PM.png 1028w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 419px) 100vw, 419px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 2:<\/strong> Lymphatic ducts.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-300x213.png\" alt=\"How the lymphatic capillaries connect in the interstitial spaces. More information in the links.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-1217\" width=\"424\" height=\"301\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-300x213.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-1024x726.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-768x544.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-65x46.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-225x159.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM-350x248.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/421\/2024\/05\/Screenshot-2022-08-18-at-11.30.57-PM.png 1140w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 424px) 100vw, 424px\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 3:<\/strong> Lymphatic capillaries.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Attribution for all three images: Gordon Betts, J., Young, K.A., Wise, J.A., Johnson, E., Poe, B., Kruse, D.H., Korol, O., Johnson, J.E., Womble, M., &amp; DeSaix, P. (2013). The Lymphatic and Immune System. In Anatomy and Physiology. OpenStax. Creative Commons Attribution License v4.0. Book URL:<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/1-introduction<\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Section URL: <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/21-1-anatomy-of-the-lymphatic-and-immune-systems\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/21-1-anatomy-of-the-lymphatic-and-immune-systems<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h2>Activity: Check Your Understanding<\/h2>\n<div id=\"h5p-97\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-97\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"97\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Lymphatics: Introduction to the Lymphatic System\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"1218-1376\" hidden><p>is the area that surrounds the vasculature and the body's tissues and organs in which fluid passes back and forth between capillaries and the tissue.<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"1218-1378\" hidden><p>are a network of vessels throughout the body similar to the vascular network.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":34,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[85],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-1218","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","contributor-january-2023","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":1211,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1218","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1218\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1919,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1218\/revisions\/1919"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1211"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1218\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1218"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1218"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1218"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1218"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}