{"id":296,"date":"2021-09-29T10:06:22","date_gmt":"2021-09-29T14:06:22","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/introduction-to-gastrointestinal-system\/"},"modified":"2024-06-06T16:38:58","modified_gmt":"2024-06-06T20:38:58","slug":"introduction-to-gastrointestinal-system","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/chapter\/introduction-to-gastrointestinal-system\/","title":{"raw":"Introduction to Gastrointestinal System","rendered":"Introduction to Gastrointestinal System"},"content":{"raw":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The<strong> gastrointestinal system<\/strong> (also called the GI system) is important to assess because it is responsible for nutrition, digestion, absorption, hydration, and <b>[pb_glossary id=\"452\"]defecation[\/pb_glossary]<\/b><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. You may also have heard it referred to as the digestive system. As a nurse, your assessment of the GI system provides information about how the system is functioning and potential cues that require action.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>GI System Components<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">As per <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>, the main components of the GI system include:<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The <strong>upper GI tract<\/strong> (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine [i.e., the duodenum]).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The <strong>lower GI tract<\/strong> (small and large intestine, rectum, anus).<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The <strong>accessory glands<\/strong> and <strong>organs<\/strong> (salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder) and lymphatic organs and tissue (tonsils, spleen, appendix).<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/assessmentnursing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/192\/2021\/10\/Figure-5.1-abe85277d60c52f85be133e1b5ddc40aea009e1c-824x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"824\" height=\"1024\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-702\" \/>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>: GI tract.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Attribution statement for image at bottom of page<\/span>)<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nYou have already learned about the anatomy and physiology of the GI system; See <strong>Video 1<\/strong> for a quick overview:\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/Oh_Pt_UrtEE[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<strong>Video 1<\/strong>: Overview of the GI system. (Attribution taken from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/high-school-biology\/hs-human-body-systems\/hs-the-digestive-and-excretory-systems\/v\/meet-the-gastrointestinal-tract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/high-school-biology\/hs-human-body-systems\/hs-the-digestive-and-excretory-systems\/v\/meet-the-gastrointestinal-tract<\/a>)\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity: Check Your Understanding<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span>[h5p id=\"131\"]<\/span><\/p>\r\n<span>[h5p id=\"132\"]<\/span>\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #000000\">Attribution statement for Figure 5.1 - Image from: J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix,\u00a0<i>Anatomy and Physiology<\/i>,\u00a0OpenStax,\u00a0Apr 25, 2013, Houston, Texas. Section URL:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/23-1-overview-of-the-digestive-system\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/23-1-overview-of-the-digestive-system&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1645275435915000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3Ox00BQGaQTxOtCFULQ6xL\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #000000\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/23-1-overview-of-the-digestive-system<\/a>. Licenced under Creative Commons\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1645275435915000&amp;usg=AOvVaw247gcn4pnmw1CtM7Q-Bsxq\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #000000\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span>","rendered":"<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The<strong> gastrointestinal system<\/strong> (also called the GI system) is important to assess because it is responsible for nutrition, digestion, absorption, hydration, and <b><button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"296-452\">defecation<\/button><\/b><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">. You may also have heard it referred to as the digestive system. As a nurse, your assessment of the GI system provides information about how the system is functioning and potential cues that require action.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>GI System Components<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">As per <strong>Figure 1<\/strong>, the main components of the GI system include:<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The <strong>upper GI tract<\/strong> (oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine [i.e., the duodenum]).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The <strong>lower GI tract<\/strong> (small and large intestine, rectum, anus).<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">The <strong>accessory glands<\/strong> and <strong>organs<\/strong> (salivary glands, liver, pancreas, gallbladder) and lymphatic organs and tissue (tonsils, spleen, appendix).<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/assessmentnursing\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/192\/2021\/10\/Figure-5.1-abe85277d60c52f85be133e1b5ddc40aea009e1c-824x1024.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"824\" height=\"1024\" class=\"alignnone size-large wp-image-702\" \/><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\"><strong>Figure 1<\/strong>: GI tract.<\/span><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">(Attribution statement for image at bottom of page<\/span>)<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>You have already learned about the anatomy and physiology of the GI system; See <strong>Video 1<\/strong> for a quick overview:<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Meet the gastrointestinal tract! | Gastrointestinal system physiology | NCLEX-RN | Khan Academy\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Oh_Pt_UrtEE?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><strong>Video 1<\/strong>: Overview of the GI system. (Attribution taken from: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/high-school-biology\/hs-human-body-systems\/hs-the-digestive-and-excretory-systems\/v\/meet-the-gastrointestinal-tract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www.khanacademy.org\/science\/high-school-biology\/hs-human-body-systems\/hs-the-digestive-and-excretory-systems\/v\/meet-the-gastrointestinal-tract<\/a>)<\/p>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: left\"><span style=\"color: #000000\">Activity: Check Your Understanding<\/span><\/h2>\n<p style=\"text-align: left\"><span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-131\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-131\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"131\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Ch.14(5) - Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-132\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-132\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"132\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Ch.14(5) - Introduction to the Gastrointestinal System\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #000000\">Attribution statement for Figure 5.1 &#8211; Image from: J. Gordon Betts, Kelly A. Young, James A. Wise, Eddie Johnson, Brandon Poe, Dean H. Kruse, Oksana Korol, Jody E. Johnson, Mark Womble, Peter DeSaix,\u00a0<i>Anatomy and Physiology<\/i>,\u00a0OpenStax,\u00a0Apr 25, 2013, Houston, Texas. Section URL:\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/23-1-overview-of-the-digestive-system\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/23-1-overview-of-the-digestive-system&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1645275435915000&amp;usg=AOvVaw3Ox00BQGaQTxOtCFULQ6xL\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #000000\">https:\/\/openstax.org\/books\/anatomy-and-physiology\/pages\/23-1-overview-of-the-digestive-system<\/a>. Licenced under Creative Commons\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\" target=\"_blank\" data-saferedirecturl=\"https:\/\/www.google.com\/url?q=https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/&amp;source=gmail&amp;ust=1645275435915000&amp;usg=AOvVaw247gcn4pnmw1CtM7Q-Bsxq\" rel=\"noopener\" style=\"color: #000000\">CC BY 4.0<\/a>.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"296-452\" hidden><p>refers to the excretion of the body's indigestible contents through the anus in the form of feces.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":34,"menu_order":2,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":"cc-by-nc"},"chapter-type":[49],"contributor":[72],"license":[56],"class_list":["post-296","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless","contributor-december-2021","license-cc-by-nc"],"part":292,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"version-history":[{"count":5,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2706,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296\/revisions\/2706"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/292"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/296\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=296"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=296"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/assessmentnursingmain\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=296"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}