{"id":251,"date":"2023-04-20T19:33:27","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T23:33:27","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/chapter\/1-9-rules-and-stories-about-stigma\/"},"modified":"2023-06-27T21:57:09","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T01:57:09","slug":"1-9","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/chapter\/1-9\/","title":{"raw":"1.9 Rules and Stories About Stigma","rendered":"1.9 Rules and Stories About Stigma"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"1.9-rules-and-stories-about-stigma\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Learning Objectives:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>To engage participants in identifying stories and rules that perpetuate stigma<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To support participants in making connections about how these rules\/stories affect individual and collective behaviours<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To highlight how stigma leads to social exclusion and suffering<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 49pt;font-size: 1em\">Materials:<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 49pt;font-size: 1em\"> Pens, Flipchart Paper, Water-based Markers and Masking Tape Worksheet 1.9.1 - Exploring rules and stories about HIV stigma<\/span>\r\n\r\n<strong>Time<\/strong> <strong>Required: <\/strong>45 minutes\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"margin-left: 26pt\"><\/span>Activities &amp; Instructions<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h5><strong>Setup and participant format:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Participants<\/em> <em>sit in a circle; co-facilitators<\/em> <em>sit across from each other<\/em> <em>at the open-end of the <\/em><em>horseshoe.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>In<\/em> <em>Part<\/em> <em>A,<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>works<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>her\/his\/their<\/em> <em>own;<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>Part<\/em> <em>B,<\/em> <em>participants<\/em> <em>share<\/em> <em>their<\/em> <em>internal<\/em> <em>dialogue<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>rules.<\/em> <em>In<\/em> <em>Part C, the facilitator debriefs the exercise.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5 class=\"import-Heading7\" style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 42.25pt;margin-right: 48.2pt\"><strong>Instructions to Participants<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<h5><strong>Part A: Individual reflection on rules and stories on HIV stigma <\/strong>(10 minutes)<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>(<\/em><strong><em>Facilitators<\/em><\/strong> <em>provide<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>Worksheet<\/em> <em>1.9.1<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>pen.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator says,<\/strong> \u201cThe next activity will help us gain more insight on how stigma impacts our individual behavior and impacts how society operates. This activity will be done in 3 steps. First we would like you to work on the worksheets by yourself, then you would share the discussion in small groups, and then we would report back and debrief in a large group. We will take you through the steps one by one.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">First let us divide ourselves into four small groups, can we count off 1,2,3,4 please. (after people finish counting) Now let\u2019s get into the small groups, the 1\u2019s with the 1s, the 2\u2019s with 2\u2019s and so on. Please do that now.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">(After people get into their small groups).\r\n<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">We have just given everyone an activity worksheet. On this worksheet, you will find a list of topics or issues related to HIV stigma. Now we would invite each group to work on the topic that correspond to their group number, that is, group 1 will work on topic 1 and so on.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">So Group 1 will be working on HIV, sex, dating and relationships; group 2 will work on HIV, family and community; group 3 will work on HIV and faith and religion; and then group 4 will work on HIV criminalization and human rights.\u201c<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>continues,<\/strong> \u201cFirst we would like you to work individually on your own for a few minutes to fill out your own thoughts on this topic. Write down what kinds of thoughts come to mind when you hear \u201cHIV stigma\u201d paired with these issues. For example, HIV and family, or HIV and dating, etc..\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">Think about the key messages, stories or rules you have heard from different parts of the society when you were growing up about HIV and this topic area; write down those messages, stories or rules that come immediately to your mind when you think about this topic. These can be something you agree or disagree with, something you believe or do not believe in. There is no right or wrong answer.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">After you have written those thoughts, we would like you to think about how these thoughts have guided your actions \u2013 including what you DO and what you DON\u2019T DO because of it.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">Facilitator<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">continues<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">, \u201cSimilarly, write down how these thoughts may affect others\u2019 actions, or how society reacts and behaves as a result of these thoughts.<\/span>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Let me give you an example. If the thought you wrote down on the left column is that \u201cHIV is a gay disease\u201d, you may write down on the right-hand column how this influences your behaviours, including what you DO, <\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">e.g. \u201cI would tell all my gay friends to get tested for HIV\u201d; or \u201cwhat you WON\u2019T DO, e.g. \u201cI would not educate my heterosexual friends about ways to prevent HIV.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator continues<\/strong>, \u201cFor the societal level, you may think or write down that \u2018health care providers would not bother testing heterosexual people for HIV\u2019, or \u2018people may use this to justify their prejudice against gay people\u201d\u2019. It can also be \u2018it motivated communities to mobilize against both homophobia and AIDS phobia\u2019. Is that clear?\u201d (<em>Check if participants are clear<\/em>)\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u201cNow you have 5 minutes to work on your own on this.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>(<strong><em>Facilitators <\/em><\/strong>check with participants after 5 minutes to ensure that each participant has completed their worksheet.)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5><strong>Part B: Small Group Sharing on Rules and Stories On HIV Stigma <\/strong>(15 minutes)<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator says,<\/em><\/strong> \u201cWe now invite you to share with your small group members what you have written down. You have about 12-15 minutes to share with each other your thoughts on the topic; and we would like each group to choose a note-taker and reporter to share the highlights of your discussion with the big group. Each group will have 2 minute to report to the large group.\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5><strong>Part<\/strong> <strong>C:<\/strong> <strong>Large<\/strong> <strong>Group<\/strong> <strong>Report<\/strong> <strong>Back<\/strong> <strong>and<\/strong> <strong>Debriefing<\/strong> (15 minutes)<\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>asks<\/em> <em>all<\/em> <em>participants<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>regroup<\/em> <em>into<\/em> <em>one<\/em> <em>large<\/em> <em>group,<\/em> <em>then<\/em> <em>says,<\/em> \u201cLet us hear from each of the groups that came up in your discussion.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Co-facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>writes down<\/em> <em>what participants share<\/em> <em>on a flipchart<\/em> <em>using two<\/em> <em>columns:<\/em>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 9pt;font-size: 1em\">In Column A, make notes on what the participants share about the thoughts\/rules related to the topic\/context listed in the worksheet.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 9pt;font-size: 1em\">In Column B, make notes on the participants\u2019 reported behaviours or action related to the different topic\/ context as a result of Column A\u2019s thoughts\/rules.<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">leads<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">debriefing<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">by<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">asking<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">following<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">questions:<\/em>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHow do our internal rules and stories affect us <em>negatively<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>positively?<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHow do these rules and stories also affect others?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHow do you see these stories connect to social justice or injustice?\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5 class=\"import-Heading7\" style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 42.25pt;margin-right: 48.2pt\"><strong>Key Summary Points<\/strong><\/h5>\r\nWhen participants finish debriefing, facilitator concludes the activity by pointing out the connection between the thoughts (or internal rules) described by the participants and the behaviours or action of the participants:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u201cThese internalized thoughts and rules contribute to suffering and act as barriers for us to follow our chosen values. These impact how we live our personal lives, how we interact with others, and how we may respond to different forms of stigma and discrimination.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cThis pattern of <em>rule-following<\/em> behaviours may apply both at the individual level as well as at the societal level.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cThere may be interactions between the individual and societal levels. For example, societal rules may have an impact on individual rules, and an individual may follow these rules or react in opposition against it.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHaving this awareness is a first step that enables us to develop proactive strategies to challenge these internalized rules and thoughts.\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Source:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Fung, K. P., &amp; Zurowski, M. (2011). ACT protocols for CHAMP Study. Toronto, ON: Community Alliance for Accessible Treatment.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Inspired by Exploring Your Rules About Pain in Dahl, J., &amp; Lundgren, T., (2006). <em>Living<\/em> <em>Beyond<\/em> <em>Your<\/em> <em>Pain:<\/em> <em>Using<\/em> <em>Acceptance<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>Commitment<\/em> <em>Therapy to Ease Chronic Pain<\/em>. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publication, Inc.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h1 class=\"page-break-before\">Worksheet 1.9.1 - Exploring Rules and Stories about HIV Stigma Exercise<\/h1>\r\nThe following is a list of common topics\/contexts about HIV stigma:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li>HIV, Dating, Sex, and Relationships<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HIV, Family and Community<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HIV, Faith and Religion<\/li>\r\n \t<li>HIV, Criminalization and Human Rights<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nFirst, take a few minutes to do this on your own. Use the worksheet below to explore some of the societal rules or stories about HIV stigma. Do not think too hard about it - just write down any rules\/stories that pop into your head for the topic you have been assigned to. These do not have to be rules or stories you personally agree with or believe in. Once you\u2019ve written down your rules\/stories in the left-hand column, write what each rule\/story leads to in the right-hand column.\r\n\r\nAfter you have done completing this on your own, share your thoughts with others in your small group.\r\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 45px\" border=\"0\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 30px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\"><strong>Rules\/Stories about<\/strong>\r\n(e.g., HIV, family and community)<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\"><strong>What these rules and stories lead to<\/strong>\r\n(e.g., how they affect behaviours and practices)<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;vertical-align: top;height: 15px\">Societal rules\/stories<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 50%;vertical-align: top;height: 15px\">Personal\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\nSocietal\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n&nbsp;<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"1.9-rules-and-stories-about-stigma\">\n<p><strong>Learning Objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To engage participants in identifying stories and rules that perpetuate stigma<\/li>\n<li>To support participants in making connections about how these rules\/stories affect individual and collective behaviours<\/li>\n<li>To highlight how stigma leads to social exclusion and suffering<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 49pt;font-size: 1em\">Materials:<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 49pt;font-size: 1em\"> Pens, Flipchart Paper, Water-based Markers and Masking Tape Worksheet 1.9.1 &#8211; Exploring rules and stories about HIV stigma<\/span><\/p>\n<p><strong>Time<\/strong> <strong>Required: <\/strong>45 minutes<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"margin-left: 26pt\"><\/span>Activities &amp; Instructions<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<h5><strong>Setup and participant format:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Participants<\/em> <em>sit in a circle; co-facilitators<\/em> <em>sit across from each other<\/em> <em>at the open-end of the <\/em><em>horseshoe.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>In<\/em> <em>Part<\/em> <em>A,<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>works<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>her\/his\/their<\/em> <em>own;<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>Part<\/em> <em>B,<\/em> <em>participants<\/em> <em>share<\/em> <em>their<\/em> <em>internal<\/em> <em>dialogue<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>rules.<\/em> <em>In<\/em> <em>Part C, the facilitator debriefs the exercise.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 class=\"import-Heading7\" style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 42.25pt;margin-right: 48.2pt\"><strong>Instructions to Participants<\/strong><\/h5>\n<h5><strong>Part A: Individual reflection on rules and stories on HIV stigma <\/strong>(10 minutes)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><em>(<\/em><strong><em>Facilitators<\/em><\/strong> <em>provide<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>Worksheet<\/em> <em>1.9.1<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>pen.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator says,<\/strong> \u201cThe next activity will help us gain more insight on how stigma impacts our individual behavior and impacts how society operates. This activity will be done in 3 steps. First we would like you to work on the worksheets by yourself, then you would share the discussion in small groups, and then we would report back and debrief in a large group. We will take you through the steps one by one.\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">First let us divide ourselves into four small groups, can we count off 1,2,3,4 please. (after people finish counting) Now let\u2019s get into the small groups, the 1\u2019s with the 1s, the 2\u2019s with 2\u2019s and so on. Please do that now.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">(After people get into their small groups).<br \/>\n<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">We have just given everyone an activity worksheet. On this worksheet, you will find a list of topics or issues related to HIV stigma. Now we would invite each group to work on the topic that correspond to their group number, that is, group 1 will work on topic 1 and so on.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">So Group 1 will be working on HIV, sex, dating and relationships; group 2 will work on HIV, family and community; group 3 will work on HIV and faith and religion; and then group 4 will work on HIV criminalization and human rights.\u201c<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>continues,<\/strong> \u201cFirst we would like you to work individually on your own for a few minutes to fill out your own thoughts on this topic. Write down what kinds of thoughts come to mind when you hear \u201cHIV stigma\u201d paired with these issues. For example, HIV and family, or HIV and dating, etc..\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">Think about the key messages, stories or rules you have heard from different parts of the society when you were growing up about HIV and this topic area; write down those messages, stories or rules that come immediately to your mind when you think about this topic. These can be something you agree or disagree with, something you believe or do not believe in. There is no right or wrong answer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">After you have written those thoughts, we would like you to think about how these thoughts have guided your actions \u2013 including what you DO and what you DON\u2019T DO because of it.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">Facilitator<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">continues<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: justify;font-size: 1em\">, \u201cSimilarly, write down how these thoughts may affect others\u2019 actions, or how society reacts and behaves as a result of these thoughts.<\/span>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Let me give you an example. If the thought you wrote down on the left column is that \u201cHIV is a gay disease\u201d, you may write down on the right-hand column how this influences your behaviours, including what you DO, <\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">e.g. \u201cI would tell all my gay friends to get tested for HIV\u201d; or \u201cwhat you WON\u2019T DO, e.g. \u201cI would not educate my heterosexual friends about ways to prevent HIV.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator continues<\/strong>, \u201cFor the societal level, you may think or write down that \u2018health care providers would not bother testing heterosexual people for HIV\u2019, or \u2018people may use this to justify their prejudice against gay people\u201d\u2019. It can also be \u2018it motivated communities to mobilize against both homophobia and AIDS phobia\u2019. Is that clear?\u201d (<em>Check if participants are clear<\/em>)\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">\u201cNow you have 5 minutes to work on your own on this.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li>(<strong><em>Facilitators <\/em><\/strong>check with participants after 5 minutes to ensure that each participant has completed their worksheet.)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Part B: Small Group Sharing on Rules and Stories On HIV Stigma <\/strong>(15 minutes)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator says,<\/em><\/strong> \u201cWe now invite you to share with your small group members what you have written down. You have about 12-15 minutes to share with each other your thoughts on the topic; and we would like each group to choose a note-taker and reporter to share the highlights of your discussion with the big group. Each group will have 2 minute to report to the large group.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Part<\/strong> <strong>C:<\/strong> <strong>Large<\/strong> <strong>Group<\/strong> <strong>Report<\/strong> <strong>Back<\/strong> <strong>and<\/strong> <strong>Debriefing<\/strong> (15 minutes)<\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>asks<\/em> <em>all<\/em> <em>participants<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>regroup<\/em> <em>into<\/em> <em>one<\/em> <em>large<\/em> <em>group,<\/em> <em>then<\/em> <em>says,<\/em> \u201cLet us hear from each of the groups that came up in your discussion.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Co-facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>writes down<\/em> <em>what participants share<\/em> <em>on a flipchart<\/em> <em>using two<\/em> <em>columns:<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 9pt;font-size: 1em\">In Column A, make notes on what the participants share about the thoughts\/rules related to the topic\/context listed in the worksheet.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;text-indent: 9pt;font-size: 1em\">In Column B, make notes on the participants\u2019 reported behaviours or action related to the different topic\/ context as a result of Column A\u2019s thoughts\/rules.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">leads<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">debriefing<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">by<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">asking<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">following<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">questions:<\/em>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cHow do our internal rules and stories affect us <em>negatively<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>positively?<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cHow do these rules and stories also affect others?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHow do you see these stories connect to social justice or injustice?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 class=\"import-Heading7\" style=\"text-align: center;margin-left: 42.25pt;margin-right: 48.2pt\"><strong>Key Summary Points<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p>When participants finish debriefing, facilitator concludes the activity by pointing out the connection between the thoughts (or internal rules) described by the participants and the behaviours or action of the participants:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cThese internalized thoughts and rules contribute to suffering and act as barriers for us to follow our chosen values. These impact how we live our personal lives, how we interact with others, and how we may respond to different forms of stigma and discrimination.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThis pattern of <em>rule-following<\/em> behaviours may apply both at the individual level as well as at the societal level.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cThere may be interactions between the individual and societal levels. For example, societal rules may have an impact on individual rules, and an individual may follow these rules or react in opposition against it.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHaving this awareness is a first step that enables us to develop proactive strategies to challenge these internalized rules and thoughts.\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Fung, K. P., &amp; Zurowski, M. (2011). ACT protocols for CHAMP Study. Toronto, ON: Community Alliance for Accessible Treatment.<\/li>\n<li>Inspired by Exploring Your Rules About Pain in Dahl, J., &amp; Lundgren, T., (2006). <em>Living<\/em> <em>Beyond<\/em> <em>Your<\/em> <em>Pain:<\/em> <em>Using<\/em> <em>Acceptance<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>Commitment<\/em> <em>Therapy to Ease Chronic Pain<\/em>. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publication, Inc.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h1 class=\"page-break-before\">Worksheet 1.9.1 &#8211; Exploring Rules and Stories about HIV Stigma Exercise<\/h1>\n<p>The following is a list of common topics\/contexts about HIV stigma:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>HIV, Dating, Sex, and Relationships<\/li>\n<li>HIV, Family and Community<\/li>\n<li>HIV, Faith and Religion<\/li>\n<li>HIV, Criminalization and Human Rights<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>First, take a few minutes to do this on your own. Use the worksheet below to explore some of the societal rules or stories about HIV stigma. Do not think too hard about it &#8211; just write down any rules\/stories that pop into your head for the topic you have been assigned to. These do not have to be rules or stories you personally agree with or believe in. Once you\u2019ve written down your rules\/stories in the left-hand column, write what each rule\/story leads to in the right-hand column.<\/p>\n<p>After you have done completing this on your own, share your thoughts with others in your small group.<\/p>\n<table class=\"grid\" style=\"border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 45px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr style=\"height: 30px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\"><strong>Rules\/Stories about<\/strong><br \/>\n(e.g., HIV, family and community)<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;height: 30px\"><strong>What these rules and stories lead to<\/strong><br \/>\n(e.g., how they affect behaviours and practices)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"height: 15px\">\n<td style=\"width: 50%;vertical-align: top;height: 15px\">Societal rules\/stories<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 50%;vertical-align: top;height: 15px\">Personal<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Societal<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-251","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":208,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/251","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/486"}],"version-history":[{"count":14,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/251\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":797,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/251\/revisions\/797"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/208"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/251\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=251"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=251"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=251"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=251"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}