{"id":276,"date":"2023-04-20T19:33:38","date_gmt":"2023-04-20T23:33:38","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/chapter\/3-8-the-bus-driver\/"},"modified":"2023-06-27T22:57:39","modified_gmt":"2023-06-28T02:57:39","slug":"3-8","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/chapter\/3-8\/","title":{"raw":"3.8 The Bus Driver","rendered":"3.8 The Bus Driver"},"content":{"raw":"<div class=\"3.8-the-bus-driver\">\r\n\r\n<strong>Learning Objectives:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>To facilitate exposure to thoughts and feelings (including reasons, stories, stigmatizing thoughts, judgments, assumptions, etc.) that act as barriers to engaging people in challenging stigma and injustice, and taking actions in accordance to their values.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To weaken the power of unpleasant feelings and literal thoughts through Defusion and Acceptance<\/li>\r\n \t<li>To evoke and reinforce commitment to HIV stigma reduction and health promotion in the service of values related to compassion, social justice, and equity<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Materials:<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Flipchart on a stand<\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">A pre-drawn Bull\u2019s Eye Diagram 3.7.1 on a flipchart page<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Water-based markers and masking tape<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Time<\/strong> <strong>Required: <\/strong>60 Minutes\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"margin-left: 26pt\"><\/span>Activities &amp; Instructions<\/h2>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Brief Description of the Bus Driver Exercise:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 45.4pt\">Using role-play to act out the bus driver metaphor, this exercise taps into all six ACT processes to illustrate the potential negative impact of internal thoughts or feelings in thwarting valued living and the ACT response to counter it.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">The facilitator solicits a volunteer from the group to role-play the Bus Driver (BD). The BD will be invited to come up to the front, put the X\u2019s on the Bull\u2019s Eye on a large flip-chart, and discuss one particular life domain that the BD would like to change.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">The facilitator helps the BD to identify the values in that particular life domain, the action that the BD would like to be able to do, and the five to six internal barriers (i.e., negative thoughts) preventing it.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">Then, other volunteers will be solicited to role-play the bus Passengers (PGs), with each PG representing one internal barrier. The PGs will be invited to the front to join the BD for the role-play. The BD will initially be facing the Bulls Eye, pretending to be driving the bus.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">The PGs will be lining up to get on the bus. One by one, as each PG get on the imaginary bus, the PG will come face to face with the BD, telling BD all the reasons why the BD cannot succeed, and form a single line behind the BD in boarding the bus.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">The facilitator will gently turn the BD after each encounter (if needed) so that by the time all the PGs have boarded the bus, the BD will be facing away from the Bull\u2019s Eye, with the PGs in single file behind the BD.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">After brief debriefing, the role-play is conducted again, this time with the BD coached to welcome each PG on to the bus while remaining facing the bulls eye.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">When this second round is completed, the PGs return to their seats. The facilitator sits down with the BD in front to debrief the experience and formulate a committed action together.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">Finally, the exercise will be debriefed with the PGs and the whole group. The exercise illustrates the use of <strong>defusion <\/strong>and <strong>acceptance <\/strong>in the <strong>present moment <\/strong>in the face of negative thoughts and feelings, which facilitates the BD, as the <strong>\u2018self-as-context\u2019<\/strong>, to persist with <strong>committed<\/strong> <strong>action<\/strong>, steering in the direction as guided by <strong>values<\/strong>.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Instructions to Participants:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<strong>Introduction <\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Facilitator says<\/strong>, \u201cAs we try to pursue our value-guided goals, we often encounter obstacles. This exercise is called the \u2018Bus Driver Exercise.\u2019 It helps us explore what it is like to face challenges and barriers that get in the way when we try to do important and meaningful things in our lives and how we can commit to our values through our actions. We will act out a little story with your help, and so, we will need some volunteers for the role-play.\u201d\r\n<h5><strong>Part 1: Preparing the Bus Driver:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Identify<\/strong> <strong>a suitable volunteer to role-play as the<\/strong> <strong>\u201cBus Driver\u201d<\/strong> <strong>(BD)<\/strong>, ideally someone who is open, articulate, and self-reflective, and has marked at least one area in life that is in the outer circles of the Bull\u2019s eyes - \u201cTo start off with, we need one of you to volunteer to play the lead role of the story \u2013 the \u2018Bus Driver.\u2019 As the \u2018Bus Driver\u2019, we would ask that you be willing to open up and share with us in more details about some of your personal difficulties that have stopped you from doing something according to your values. So we invite you to share an area of your life in which you <strong>feel kind of stuck<\/strong>, but would <strong>really want to make changes <\/strong>and are <strong>ready to work on it<\/strong>.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><span style=\"text-indent: 12.2pt;font-size: 1em\">Identify the BD\u2019s Values and desired Actions:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Referring<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Bull\u2019s<\/em> <em>eye<\/em> <em>diagram,<\/em> <strong>facilitator<\/strong> <em>asks<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Bus<\/em> <em>Driver<\/em> <em>(BD):<\/em> \u201cThanks so much for volunteering. Can you please come up and tell us a little bit about each of the six domains you marked on the Bull\u2019s Eye exercise?\u201d <em>(See Bulls eye for<\/em> <em>instructions and remind the participant as necessary.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cWhich life domain you would like to focus on?\u201d (<em>Occasionally,<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>may<\/em> <em>change<\/em> <em>their<\/em> <em>mind<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>select<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>more<\/em> <em>pertinent one to them.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>starts a new page on the flipchart, writing down the area of life domain identified by the BD on the top of the<\/em> <em>page,<\/em> <em>then<\/em> <em>divide<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>page<\/em> <em>into<\/em> <em>3<\/em> <em>columns<\/em> <em>-<\/em> <em>starting<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>values<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>left,<\/em> <em>desired<\/em> <em>action<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>middle<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>right.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>then<\/em> <em>asks:<\/em> \u201cWhat are the values you hold in this domain? Why is the domain important and meaningful to you?\u201d <em>(<\/em><strong><em>Facilitation Tip<\/em><\/strong><em>: Refer to the list of values used in the previous exercise to help prompt the BD to name the values<\/em> <em>that the BD holds in the chosen domain)<\/em>. <strong><em>Facilitator <\/em><\/strong>to write down up to 5 values articulated by the BD onto flipchart under the heading \u201c Values\u201d.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cWhat kinds of actions you would like to do in this domain that you\u2019re not currently doing? Can you also share with us why this is important to you and what it means for you to be able to do \u2018XXX\u2019\u2026.?\u201d <em>(Facilitator<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down<\/em> <em>up<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>5<\/em> <em>actions<\/em> <em>articulated by the BD, and then check with the BD how these actions are aligned with the values previously articulated.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"3\">\r\n \t<li><strong><span style=\"text-indent: 10.2pt;font-size: 1em\">Identify barriers to Value-driven Actions:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>to collaborate with the BD to identify 5-7 barriers that prevent them from taking value-driven actions. Probe<\/em> <em>gently<\/em> <em>as<\/em> <em>necessary<\/em> <em>until<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>important<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>are<\/em> <em>identified.<\/em> <em>Check<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>clarity<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>alignment<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>connection<\/em> <em>between<\/em> <em>the barriers to the desired value-driven actions.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cCan you please share with us the barriers that cause you to be \u2018here\u2019 (point to \u2018X\u2019) as opposed to the centre? What shows up in your mind when you consider moving forward with your action?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>After<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>identifies<\/em> <em>one,<\/em> <strong>facilitator<\/strong> <em>continues<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>ask<\/em>, \u201cWhat else is stopping you from getting to the centre?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>(Facilitator writes down a list of barriers in point forms on the flipchart paper under the heading \u201cBarriers\u201d. For example, \u20181. no time; 2. not enough self-confidence; 3. I\u2019m too shy; 4. my friends just don\u2019t understand me \u2026\u2019.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>After the BD completed the initial list, <\/em><strong><em>facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>reviews the list with the BD and probes for \u201cdeeper meaning\u201d or \u201croot<\/em> <em>causes\u201d<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>understand<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>context<\/em> <em>associated<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>identified<\/em> <em>barriers.<\/em> <em>For<\/em> <em>example,<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>\u2018no<\/em> <em>time\u201d,<\/em> <em>asks<\/em> <em>about what is taking up all the time the BD has, what are the reasons BD spent time on the other things identified. Go<\/em> <em>deeper into each layer until a more specific reason or meaning is identified for each barrier. Cross out each of the more<\/em> <em>\u201csuperficial\u201d barrier once a more specific or deeper level barrier is identified to replace<\/em> <em>it.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>After<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>names<\/em> <em>all<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>barriers,<\/em> <strong>facilitator<\/strong> <em>asks:<\/em> \u201cLet us look over the list together. Are there barriers we have listed here that are not real barriers for you? If so, we can cross them out.\u201d <em>Cross out barriers that the BD no long sees as<\/em> <em>barriers.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHave we m<em>i<\/em>ssed any other more important barriers?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cImagine if all the barriers listed here are gone, would you immediate be able to do the action you wanted to do, or is there still something else stopping you deep inside?\u201d (*<strong><em>*This<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>is<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>very<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>important<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>question<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>ask<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>get<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>at<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>some<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>of<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the barriers that BD may not have recognized or is avoiding to address.<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>Once<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>are<\/em> <em>identified,<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <strong><em>facilitators<\/em><\/strong> <em>can<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down<\/em> <em>some<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>key<\/em> <em>words\/phrases<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>barrier<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>small<\/em> <em>piece<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>paper\/card.<\/em> <em>These<\/em> <em>words\/phrases<\/em> <em>represent<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>negative<\/em> <em>inner<\/em> <em>voices<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD.<\/em> <em>Each<\/em> <em>thought<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>inner<\/em> <em>voice<\/em> <em>should<\/em> <em>be specific and distinct and not repetitive. These can then be distributed as instruction cards for the passengers.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5><strong>Part 2: Role-playing Bus Driver and the passengers:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<ol start=\"4\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Identify enough volunteers to role-play passengers (PGs) of the bus<\/em><\/strong><em>, i.e., a passenger is needed to personify each<\/em> <em>barrier. <\/em><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says, <\/em>\u201cWe need some volunteers to help us out by role-playing these barriers listed here. Who is willing to play the first barrier \u2013 <em>[read<\/em> <em>first<\/em> <em>barrier<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>list]<\/em>?\u201d <em>(Facilitator<\/em> <em>may<\/em> <em>also<\/em> <em>decide<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>assign<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>among<\/em> <em>volunteers if this optimizes suitability for the role-play.)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><em>Position<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>about<\/em> <em>4<\/em> <em>feet<\/em> <em>away<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>facing<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>flipchart<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>PGs<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>line-up<\/em> <em>beside<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>getting<\/em> <em>ready<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>board<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>imaginary<\/em> <em>bus.<\/em> <em>The<\/em> <em>remaining<\/em> <em>participants<\/em> <em>are<\/em> <em>invited<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>gather<\/em> <em>around<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>find<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>position<\/em> <em>they<\/em> <em>feel<\/em> <em>most<\/em> <em>comfortable<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>observe the role-play.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cYou are the bus driver. You want to drive your bus towards the main station. Your values are guiding you to the main station. So put your hands on the wheel and look at the Bull\u2019s Eye on the flipchart as your target destination. Bring to mind your values; why this is important to you; and the actions you want to take.\u201d <em>(Pause for a moment)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>continues<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cThere may be some rowdy passengers trying to get on the bus. When they behave in ways that bother you, you can turn away from them, fight with them, or try to get rid of them.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Co-Facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>takes the PG to the other side of the room and says to the PG, <\/em>\u201cYou are the passengers. Please form a line here in order of the barriers listed. Each of you now represents the <strong>negative thoughts inside bus driver\u2019s head <\/strong>that we just heard about. When we start, you are going to get on the bus one by one. When it is your turn to get on the bus, you\u2019re going to step right in front of the bus driver, look at the bus driver in the eye, and tell the bus driver <strong>loudly and firmly <\/strong>why she\/he\/they can never do [the valued action]. For example, if you represent \u2018no self- confidence\u2019, you would be saying something like - \u2018You can never do this. You have no self-confidence, remember? You will just fail miserably. Let\u2019s just go home and forget about this.\u2019 <strong>Your<\/strong> <strong>role<\/strong> <strong>is<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>act<\/strong> <strong>out<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>bus<\/strong> <strong>driver\u2019s<\/strong> <strong>specific barrier in a strong and believable way. Remember, this is not you speaking.<\/strong> <strong>You are the bus driver\u2019s own <\/strong><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">negative<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">thought.<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> When you are done speaking, you can board the bus and form a single line behind the bus driver.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"5\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Begin the Role-play. <\/em><\/strong><em>Stand alongside the BD, and have the BD drive the imaginary bus for a few seconds. Invite the PGs<\/em> <em>to enter the bus one by one. The co-facilitator coaches each PG to step in front of the BD, face the BD, and tell the BD the<\/em> <em>reason why she\/he\/they cannot do the valued actions. The (main) facilitator helps the BD avoid facing the barrier after<\/em> <em>hearing<\/em> <em>what<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>PG<\/em> <em>has<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>by<\/em> <em>telling<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>avoid<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>barriers.<\/em> <em>The<\/em> <em>co-facilitator<\/em> <em>directs<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>PG<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>\u201center\u201d<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>bus<\/em> <em>by<\/em> <em>standing<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>single<\/em> <em>line<\/em> <em>behind<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>bus<\/em> <em>driver.<\/em> <em>Invite<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>next<\/em> <em>PG<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>so<\/em> <em>forth.<\/em> <em>As<\/em> <em>it<\/em> <em>may<\/em> <em>get<\/em> <em>emotionally<\/em> <em>challenging,<\/em> <em>pace<\/em> <em>the exercise accordingly. By the end, the BD <\/em><em>would be facing approximately 180 degrees away from the flipchart, with a<\/em> <em>single line of PGs behind the BD.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD<\/em>, \u201cImagine that you are now driving the bus.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Co-facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>PG,<\/em> \u201cYou\u2019re the [barrier 1] \u2013 go ahead and tell the BD the reason she\/he\/they will fail. Your role is to act like a challenging barrier, be persistent and speak firmly.\u201d <em>(Coach the PG as needed)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilit<\/strong><em>a<\/em><strong>tor<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cWow, that sounds scary\u2026 You don\u2019t have to face this, you can turn away from it, or fight back.\u201d\r\n<em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">(Pivot<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">BD<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">after the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">PG<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">has<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">finished speaking<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">if<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">BD<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">does not<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">turn<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">away)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Co-facilitator<\/strong> <strong>says<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>PG,<\/strong> \u201cGet on the bus and stay behind the BD (or another PG). Now let\u2019s have the next passenger come on the bus.\u201d (<em>Coach the PG as needed)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"6\">\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong><em>Debrief<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>with the BD and provide empathic <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>support.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cThanks so much for doing this, as this must be a challenging experience. How are you doing right now? What was it like to be facing your barriers? Any particular surprises in this experience? Which ones were especially hard for you to face?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cTake notice \u2013 where are you driving to? Are you getting closer or moving farther away from your values \u2013 the bull\u2019s eye?\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"7\">\r\n \t<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong><em>Give<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>BD<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>instructions<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>for another<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>round<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>of<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>role-play with<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>Acceptance<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>and <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Defusion.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator <\/strong><em>says to BD, <\/em>\u201cYou have done very well. Let\u2019s do this role-play one more time - round two. This time, let\u2019s try something a little different. When a passenger gets on, see if you can welcome him or her. You don\u2019t have to talk back or argue with them. Just say \u2018<strong>Welcome on my bus\u2019<\/strong>, regardless of what they are saying to you, and motion them to get behind you on to the bus. Ok?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Co-facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>PG,<\/em> \u201cEveryone, let\u2019s line up again and take it from the beginning.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cThis time, keep your mind steadily focused on your values and the direction you are driving the bus towards, and don\u2019t let anybody, including me, tell you to turn for influence you in any way. Let\u2019s see your hands on your steering wheel.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>continues<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cBefore we begin, let us take a minute for you to become mindful as you look at the bulls eye in front you \u2026 really connect with the present moment and how important your values and actions are to you \u2026 recall what all this means to you \u2026\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"8\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Re-do the role-play. <\/em><\/strong><em>Stand alongside the BD. As necessary, <\/em><strong><em>coach the BD to welcome each passenger on board <\/em><\/strong><em>while<\/em> <em>being<\/em> <strong><em>persistent<\/em><\/strong> <em>in<\/em> <em>facing<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>target.<\/em> <em>When<\/em> <em>you<\/em> <em>notice<\/em> <em>that<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>is<\/em> <em>arguing<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>avoiding<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>passenger,<\/em> <em>get<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD to take a pause, \u201cTake a deep breath, now focus on your values and the direction you are driving the bus forward. Just<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>passenger<\/em> <em>\u2013<\/em> <em>Welcome<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>my<\/em> <em>bus.\u201d<\/em> <em>Pause,<\/em> <em>let<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>re-focus,<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>resume<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>role-play.<\/em> <em>Continue<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>coach<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>to welcome each passenger.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h5><strong>Part 3: Debriefing and Identifying Committed Action:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<ol start=\"9\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Thank<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>invite<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>passengers<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>return<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>their<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>seats.<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>Invite<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>BD<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>sit<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>down<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>at<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>front<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>with<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>for<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>debriefing.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator <\/strong><em>says to BD, <\/em>\u201cThank you so much for being so courageous and generous in putting yourself out here as the bus driver to support our group learning experience. You did so well. Would you like to share with us what this experience was like for you?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cWhat was it like to share your values, actions, and the list of barriers?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cWhat was the role-play like the first time around?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHow was it different the second time around?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cNow that you have this experience, what is one action you are willing to do within this week to further your values? It can be a small step or a big step\u2026 just as long as it takes you one step further in your valued direction.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>waits<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>identify<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>action<\/em> <em>step<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down<\/em> <em>on<\/em><em> flipchart.<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHow sure are you that you will do this task from 0 \u2013 100%?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><em>(<\/em><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>solicits<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>smaller<\/em> <em>action<\/em> <em>if<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>certainty<\/em> <em>is<\/em> <em>below<\/em> <em>80%.<\/em> <strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>may<\/em> <em>ask,<\/em> \u201cWhat would it take for you to be 100% sure that you will do this task?\u201d <em>(Support BD to define and establish a committed goal for action)<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"10\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Debrief with the passengers and the rest of the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>group.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>says<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>PG,<\/strong> \u201cWhat was it like role-playing the barriers? What did you notice about the bus driver? What was the difference in your experience between the first and second role-play?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>says<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>everyone,<\/strong> \u201cWhat have you observed in this exercise? Have you experienced similar kinds of thoughts in your head that try to bully you around?\u201d<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"11\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Debrief with the entire<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>group.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>asks,<\/strong> \u201cWhat do you think the passengers represent?\u201d <em>(See<\/em> <em>summary<\/em> <em>points)<\/em><\/li>\r\n \t<li>\u201cWhat ACT processes do you observe in the bus driver in the second round?\u201d (See summary points)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<ol start=\"12\">\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Engage all participants in<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>identifying personal committed<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>action.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>\u201cHaving experienced the bus driver together, what next steps are you willing to commit to in your own life?\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>engages<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>to identify<\/em> <em>one<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>action step<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down on<\/em> <em>flipchart<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>notepad.<\/em><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Key Summary Points:<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The passenger metaphor represents the unwanted thoughts or psychological struggles we face; the more we try to avoid them and fight them, the more power they have over us and distract us from our value-guided goals and action.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>In the second round, the BD became mindful (contact with the present moment) and remained in full contact with what really mattered (values). The BD was interacting with the thoughts as passengers rather than analyzing what they were saying (defusion) and was welcoming them on board the bus (acceptance). The BD did not get confused and identified with the thoughts, but instead, took control of where the bus went, with the bus containing all the thoughts as passengers (self-as-context). Finally, the BD made a firm commitment to a concrete action in the service of values (committed action). With these ACT processes, the BD becomes more resilient and live a more meaningful life.\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Negative thoughts related to stigma are like the passengers; instead of struggling with these thoughts, we can focus on our values and committed action.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Committed action means staying the course with what we set out to do regardless of difficulties. Just like with the BD, it is important to focus on an action step that you are willing to commit; whether it is a big or small step, the committed action is meaningful as long as it is guided by values.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<strong>Source:<\/strong>\r\n\r\nInformed by the metaphor of <em>Thoughts<\/em> <em>as<\/em> <em>Passengers <\/em>in Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., &amp; Wilson, K. G. (2012). <em>Acceptance<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>commitment<\/em> <em>therapy:<\/em> <em>The process and practice of mindful change <\/em>(2nd ed), (pp. 250-252). Guilford Press.\r\n<h1 class=\"page-break-before\">Worksheet 3.8.1 - The Bus Driver: Participant-Observer Exercise<\/h1>\r\nThe Bus Driver activity is an opportunity to explore values in relation to committed action. It supports us to look at obstacles or places where we may feel \u2018stuck\u2019 and how to practice defusion and acceptance. As a participant-observer it is important for you to support the Bus Driver by offering your attention during the activity. In the following exercise, please record any observations, thoughts or feelings that come up for you during the activity.\r\n<table style=\"width: 100%;height: 1006px\" border=\"0.5pt solid rgb(35, 31, 32)\" cellpadding=\"0px 0pt\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 24.35pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 4.5pt\"><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>What<\/strong> <strong>keeps<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>Bus<\/strong> <strong>Driver<\/strong> <strong>away<\/strong> <strong>from<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>centre<\/strong> <strong>of<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>bull\u2019s<\/strong><strong> eye?<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 98.9pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 151px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 41.15pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 18.05pt;margin-right: 65.8pt\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>What<\/strong> <strong>happens<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>Bus<\/strong> <strong>Driver<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>first<\/strong> <strong>time<\/strong> <strong>doing<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>activity? The second time?<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 123.35pt\">\r\n<td style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 50%;height: 163px;vertical-align: top\">\r\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 4.5pt\"><strong>First<\/strong> <strong>Time:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;vertical-align: top;width: 463.8125px;height: 163px\">\r\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 4.5pt\"><strong>Second<\/strong> <strong>Time:<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 41.15pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 18.45pt\"><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>How<\/strong> <strong>do<\/strong> <strong>your<\/strong> <strong>own<\/strong> <strong>personal<\/strong> <strong>experiences<\/strong> <strong>relate<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>those<\/strong> <strong>of<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>Bus<\/strong> <strong>Driver?<\/strong> <strong>Did anything that the Bus Driver shared resonate with you?<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 95.3pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 171px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 41.15pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 18.45pt\"><strong>4.<\/strong> <strong>What<\/strong> <strong>thoughts,<\/strong> <strong>ideas<\/strong> <strong>or<\/strong> <strong>reflections<\/strong> <strong>about<\/strong> <strong>\u201cvalues<\/strong> <strong>and<\/strong> <strong>action\u201d<\/strong> <strong>came<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>you while witnessing and\/or participating in this exercise?<\/strong><\/h5>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 114.5pt\">\r\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 177px\" colspan=\"2\">\r\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\"><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<p class=\"import-Normal\"><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<div class=\"3.8-the-bus-driver\">\n<p><strong>Learning Objectives:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>To facilitate exposure to thoughts and feelings (including reasons, stories, stigmatizing thoughts, judgments, assumptions, etc.) that act as barriers to engaging people in challenging stigma and injustice, and taking actions in accordance to their values.<\/li>\n<li>To weaken the power of unpleasant feelings and literal thoughts through Defusion and Acceptance<\/li>\n<li>To evoke and reinforce commitment to HIV stigma reduction and health promotion in the service of values related to compassion, social justice, and equity<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Materials:<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Flipchart on a stand<\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">A pre-drawn Bull\u2019s Eye Diagram 3.7.1 on a flipchart page<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">Water-based markers and masking tape<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Time<\/strong> <strong>Required: <\/strong>60 Minutes<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 style=\"text-align: center\"><span style=\"margin-left: 26pt\"><\/span>Activities &amp; Instructions<\/h2>\n<hr \/>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Brief Description of the Bus Driver Exercise:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"text-align: justify;margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 45.4pt\">Using role-play to act out the bus driver metaphor, this exercise taps into all six ACT processes to illustrate the potential negative impact of internal thoughts or feelings in thwarting valued living and the ACT response to counter it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">The facilitator solicits a volunteer from the group to role-play the Bus Driver (BD). The BD will be invited to come up to the front, put the X\u2019s on the Bull\u2019s Eye on a large flip-chart, and discuss one particular life domain that the BD would like to change.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">The facilitator helps the BD to identify the values in that particular life domain, the action that the BD would like to be able to do, and the five to six internal barriers (i.e., negative thoughts) preventing it.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">Then, other volunteers will be solicited to role-play the bus Passengers (PGs), with each PG representing one internal barrier. The PGs will be invited to the front to join the BD for the role-play. The BD will initially be facing the Bulls Eye, pretending to be driving the bus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">The PGs will be lining up to get on the bus. One by one, as each PG get on the imaginary bus, the PG will come face to face with the BD, telling BD all the reasons why the BD cannot succeed, and form a single line behind the BD in boarding the bus.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">The facilitator will gently turn the BD after each encounter (if needed) so that by the time all the PGs have boarded the bus, the BD will be facing away from the Bull\u2019s Eye, with the PGs in single file behind the BD.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">After brief debriefing, the role-play is conducted again, this time with the BD coached to welcome each PG on to the bus while remaining facing the bulls eye.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-BodyText\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 30.7pt\">When this second round is completed, the PGs return to their seats. The facilitator sits down with the BD in front to debrief the experience and formulate a committed action together.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\" style=\"margin-left: 33.5pt;margin-right: 36.8pt\">Finally, the exercise will be debriefed with the PGs and the whole group. The exercise illustrates the use of <strong>defusion <\/strong>and <strong>acceptance <\/strong>in the <strong>present moment <\/strong>in the face of negative thoughts and feelings, which facilitates the BD, as the <strong>\u2018self-as-context\u2019<\/strong>, to persist with <strong>committed<\/strong> <strong>action<\/strong>, steering in the direction as guided by <strong>values<\/strong>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Instructions to Participants:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<p><strong>Introduction <\/strong>\u2013 <strong>Facilitator says<\/strong>, \u201cAs we try to pursue our value-guided goals, we often encounter obstacles. This exercise is called the \u2018Bus Driver Exercise.\u2019 It helps us explore what it is like to face challenges and barriers that get in the way when we try to do important and meaningful things in our lives and how we can commit to our values through our actions. We will act out a little story with your help, and so, we will need some volunteers for the role-play.\u201d<\/p>\n<h5><strong>Part 1: Preparing the Bus Driver:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Identify<\/strong> <strong>a suitable volunteer to role-play as the<\/strong> <strong>\u201cBus Driver\u201d<\/strong> <strong>(BD)<\/strong>, ideally someone who is open, articulate, and self-reflective, and has marked at least one area in life that is in the outer circles of the Bull\u2019s eyes &#8211; \u201cTo start off with, we need one of you to volunteer to play the lead role of the story \u2013 the \u2018Bus Driver.\u2019 As the \u2018Bus Driver\u2019, we would ask that you be willing to open up and share with us in more details about some of your personal difficulties that have stopped you from doing something according to your values. So we invite you to share an area of your life in which you <strong>feel kind of stuck<\/strong>, but would <strong>really want to make changes <\/strong>and are <strong>ready to work on it<\/strong>.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-indent: 12.2pt;font-size: 1em\">Identify the BD\u2019s Values and desired Actions:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Referring<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Bull\u2019s<\/em> <em>eye<\/em> <em>diagram,<\/em> <strong>facilitator<\/strong> <em>asks<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>Bus<\/em> <em>Driver<\/em> <em>(BD):<\/em> \u201cThanks so much for volunteering. Can you please come up and tell us a little bit about each of the six domains you marked on the Bull\u2019s Eye exercise?\u201d <em>(See Bulls eye for<\/em> <em>instructions and remind the participant as necessary.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cWhich life domain you would like to focus on?\u201d (<em>Occasionally,<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>may<\/em> <em>change<\/em> <em>their<\/em> <em>mind<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>select<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>more<\/em> <em>pertinent one to them.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>starts a new page on the flipchart, writing down the area of life domain identified by the BD on the top of the<\/em> <em>page,<\/em> <em>then<\/em> <em>divide<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>page<\/em> <em>into<\/em> <em>3<\/em> <em>columns<\/em> <em>&#8211;<\/em> <em>starting<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>values<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>left,<\/em> <em>desired<\/em> <em>action<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>middle<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>right.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>then<\/em> <em>asks:<\/em> \u201cWhat are the values you hold in this domain? Why is the domain important and meaningful to you?\u201d <em>(<\/em><strong><em>Facilitation Tip<\/em><\/strong><em>: Refer to the list of values used in the previous exercise to help prompt the BD to name the values<\/em> <em>that the BD holds in the chosen domain)<\/em>. <strong><em>Facilitator <\/em><\/strong>to write down up to 5 values articulated by the BD onto flipchart under the heading \u201c Values\u201d.<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWhat kinds of actions you would like to do in this domain that you\u2019re not currently doing? Can you also share with us why this is important to you and what it means for you to be able to do \u2018XXX\u2019\u2026.?\u201d <em>(Facilitator<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down<\/em> <em>up<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>5<\/em> <em>actions<\/em> <em>articulated by the BD, and then check with the BD how these actions are aligned with the values previously articulated.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"3\">\n<li><strong><span style=\"text-indent: 10.2pt;font-size: 1em\">Identify barriers to Value-driven Actions:<\/span><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>to collaborate with the BD to identify 5-7 barriers that prevent them from taking value-driven actions. Probe<\/em> <em>gently<\/em> <em>as<\/em> <em>necessary<\/em> <em>until<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>important<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>are<\/em> <em>identified.<\/em> <em>Check<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>clarity<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>alignment<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>connection<\/em> <em>between<\/em> <em>the barriers to the desired value-driven actions.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cCan you please share with us the barriers that cause you to be \u2018here\u2019 (point to \u2018X\u2019) as opposed to the centre? What shows up in your mind when you consider moving forward with your action?\u201d<\/li>\n<li><em>After<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>identifies<\/em> <em>one,<\/em> <strong>facilitator<\/strong> <em>continues<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>ask<\/em>, \u201cWhat else is stopping you from getting to the centre?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>(Facilitator writes down a list of barriers in point forms on the flipchart paper under the heading \u201cBarriers\u201d. For example, \u20181. no time; 2. not enough self-confidence; 3. I\u2019m too shy; 4. my friends just don\u2019t understand me \u2026\u2019.)<\/li>\n<li><em>After the BD completed the initial list, <\/em><strong><em>facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>reviews the list with the BD and probes for \u201cdeeper meaning\u201d or \u201croot<\/em> <em>causes\u201d<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>understand<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>context<\/em> <em>associated<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>identified<\/em> <em>barriers.<\/em> <em>For<\/em> <em>example,<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>\u2018no<\/em> <em>time\u201d,<\/em> <em>asks<\/em> <em>about what is taking up all the time the BD has, what are the reasons BD spent time on the other things identified. Go<\/em> <em>deeper into each layer until a more specific reason or meaning is identified for each barrier. Cross out each of the more<\/em> <em>\u201csuperficial\u201d barrier once a more specific or deeper level barrier is identified to replace<\/em> <em>it.)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><em>After<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>names<\/em> <em>all<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>barriers,<\/em> <strong>facilitator<\/strong> <em>asks:<\/em> \u201cLet us look over the list together. Are there barriers we have listed here that are not real barriers for you? If so, we can cross them out.\u201d <em>Cross out barriers that the BD no long sees as<\/em> <em>barriers.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cHave we m<em>i<\/em>ssed any other more important barriers?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cImagine if all the barriers listed here are gone, would you immediate be able to do the action you wanted to do, or is there still something else stopping you deep inside?\u201d (*<strong><em>*This<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>is<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>a<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>very<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>important<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>question<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>ask<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>get<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>at<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>some<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>of<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the barriers that BD may not have recognized or is avoiding to address.<\/em><\/strong>)<\/li>\n<li><em>Once<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>are<\/em> <em>identified,<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <strong><em>facilitators<\/em><\/strong> <em>can<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down<\/em> <em>some<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>key<\/em> <em>words\/phrases<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>barrier<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>small<\/em> <em>piece<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>paper\/card.<\/em> <em>These<\/em> <em>words\/phrases<\/em> <em>represent<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>negative<\/em> <em>inner<\/em> <em>voices<\/em> <em>of<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD.<\/em> <em>Each<\/em> <em>thought<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>inner<\/em> <em>voice<\/em> <em>should<\/em> <em>be specific and distinct and not repetitive. These can then be distributed as instruction cards for the passengers.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5><strong>Part 2: Role-playing Bus Driver and the passengers:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ol start=\"4\">\n<li><strong><em>Identify enough volunteers to role-play passengers (PGs) of the bus<\/em><\/strong><em>, i.e., a passenger is needed to personify each<\/em> <em>barrier. <\/em><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says, <\/em>\u201cWe need some volunteers to help us out by role-playing these barriers listed here. Who is willing to play the first barrier \u2013 <em>[read<\/em> <em>first<\/em> <em>barrier<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>list]<\/em>?\u201d <em>(Facilitator<\/em> <em>may<\/em> <em>also<\/em> <em>decide<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>assign<\/em> <em>barriers<\/em> <em>among<\/em> <em>volunteers if this optimizes suitability for the role-play.)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><em>Position<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>about<\/em> <em>4<\/em> <em>feet<\/em> <em>away<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>facing<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>flipchart<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>PGs<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>line-up<\/em> <em>beside<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>getting<\/em> <em>ready<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>board<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>imaginary<\/em> <em>bus.<\/em> <em>The<\/em> <em>remaining<\/em> <em>participants<\/em> <em>are<\/em> <em>invited<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>gather<\/em> <em>around<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>find<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>position<\/em> <em>they<\/em> <em>feel<\/em> <em>most<\/em> <em>comfortable<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>observe the role-play.<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cYou are the bus driver. You want to drive your bus towards the main station. Your values are guiding you to the main station. So put your hands on the wheel and look at the Bull\u2019s Eye on the flipchart as your target destination. Bring to mind your values; why this is important to you; and the actions you want to take.\u201d <em>(Pause for a moment)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>continues<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cThere may be some rowdy passengers trying to get on the bus. When they behave in ways that bother you, you can turn away from them, fight with them, or try to get rid of them.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Co-Facilitator <\/em><\/strong><em>takes the PG to the other side of the room and says to the PG, <\/em>\u201cYou are the passengers. Please form a line here in order of the barriers listed. Each of you now represents the <strong>negative thoughts inside bus driver\u2019s head <\/strong>that we just heard about. When we start, you are going to get on the bus one by one. When it is your turn to get on the bus, you\u2019re going to step right in front of the bus driver, look at the bus driver in the eye, and tell the bus driver <strong>loudly and firmly <\/strong>why she\/he\/they can never do [the valued action]. For example, if you represent \u2018no self- confidence\u2019, you would be saying something like &#8211; \u2018You can never do this. You have no self-confidence, remember? You will just fail miserably. Let\u2019s just go home and forget about this.\u2019 <strong>Your<\/strong> <strong>role<\/strong> <strong>is<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>act<\/strong> <strong>out<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>bus<\/strong> <strong>driver\u2019s<\/strong> <strong>specific barrier in a strong and believable way. Remember, this is not you speaking.<\/strong> <strong>You are the bus driver\u2019s own <\/strong><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">negative<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><strong style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">thought.<\/strong><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> When you are done speaking, you can board the bus and form a single line behind the bus driver.\u201d<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"5\">\n<li><strong><em>Begin the Role-play. <\/em><\/strong><em>Stand alongside the BD, and have the BD drive the imaginary bus for a few seconds. Invite the PGs<\/em> <em>to enter the bus one by one. The co-facilitator coaches each PG to step in front of the BD, face the BD, and tell the BD the<\/em> <em>reason why she\/he\/they cannot do the valued actions. The (main) facilitator helps the BD avoid facing the barrier after<\/em> <em>hearing<\/em> <em>what<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>PG<\/em> <em>has<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>by<\/em> <em>telling<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>avoid<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>barriers.<\/em> <em>The<\/em> <em>co-facilitator<\/em> <em>directs<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>PG<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>\u201center\u201d<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>bus<\/em> <em>by<\/em> <em>standing<\/em> <em>in<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>single<\/em> <em>line<\/em> <em>behind<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>bus<\/em> <em>driver.<\/em> <em>Invite<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>next<\/em> <em>PG<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>so<\/em> <em>forth.<\/em> <em>As<\/em> <em>it<\/em> <em>may<\/em> <em>get<\/em> <em>emotionally<\/em> <em>challenging,<\/em> <em>pace<\/em> <em>the exercise accordingly. By the end, the BD <\/em><em>would be facing approximately 180 degrees away from the flipchart, with a<\/em> <em>single line of PGs behind the BD.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD<\/em>, \u201cImagine that you are now driving the bus.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co-facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>PG,<\/em> \u201cYou\u2019re the [barrier 1] \u2013 go ahead and tell the BD the reason she\/he\/they will fail. Your role is to act like a challenging barrier, be persistent and speak firmly.\u201d <em>(Coach the PG as needed)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilit<\/strong><em>a<\/em><strong>tor<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cWow, that sounds scary\u2026 You don\u2019t have to face this, you can turn away from it, or fight back.\u201d<br \/>\n<em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">(Pivot<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">BD<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">after the<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">PG<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">has<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">finished speaking<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">if<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">BD<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">does not<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">turn<\/em><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"> <\/span><em style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\">away)<\/em><\/li>\n<li><strong>Co-facilitator<\/strong> <strong>says<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>PG,<\/strong> \u201cGet on the bus and stay behind the BD (or another PG). Now let\u2019s have the next passenger come on the bus.\u201d (<em>Coach the PG as needed)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"6\">\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong><em>Debrief<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>with the BD and provide empathic <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>support.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cThanks so much for doing this, as this must be a challenging experience. How are you doing right now? What was it like to be facing your barriers? Any particular surprises in this experience? Which ones were especially hard for you to face?\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cTake notice \u2013 where are you driving to? Are you getting closer or moving farther away from your values \u2013 the bull\u2019s eye?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"7\">\n<li class=\"import-Normal\"><strong><em>Give<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>BD<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>instructions<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>for another<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>round<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>of<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>role-play with<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>Acceptance<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>and <\/em><\/strong><strong><em>Defusion.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilitator <\/strong><em>says to BD, <\/em>\u201cYou have done very well. Let\u2019s do this role-play one more time &#8211; round two. This time, let\u2019s try something a little different. When a passenger gets on, see if you can welcome him or her. You don\u2019t have to talk back or argue with them. Just say \u2018<strong>Welcome on my bus\u2019<\/strong>, regardless of what they are saying to you, and motion them to get behind you on to the bus. Ok?\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Co-facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>PG,<\/em> \u201cEveryone, let\u2019s line up again and take it from the beginning.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>says<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cThis time, keep your mind steadily focused on your values and the direction you are driving the bus towards, and don\u2019t let anybody, including me, tell you to turn for influence you in any way. Let\u2019s see your hands on your steering wheel.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>continues<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>BD,<\/em> \u201cBefore we begin, let us take a minute for you to become mindful as you look at the bulls eye in front you \u2026 really connect with the present moment and how important your values and actions are to you \u2026 recall what all this means to you \u2026\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"8\">\n<li><strong><em>Re-do the role-play. <\/em><\/strong><em>Stand alongside the BD. As necessary, <\/em><strong><em>coach the BD to welcome each passenger on board <\/em><\/strong><em>while<\/em> <em>being<\/em> <strong><em>persistent<\/em><\/strong> <em>in<\/em> <em>facing<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>target.<\/em> <em>When<\/em> <em>you<\/em> <em>notice<\/em> <em>that<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>is<\/em> <em>arguing<\/em> <em>with<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>avoiding<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>passenger,<\/em> <em>get<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD to take a pause, \u201cTake a deep breath, now focus on your values and the direction you are driving the bus forward. Just<\/em> <em>say<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>passenger<\/em> <em>\u2013<\/em> <em>Welcome<\/em> <em>on<\/em> <em>my<\/em> <em>bus.\u201d<\/em> <em>Pause,<\/em> <em>let<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>re-focus,<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>resume<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>role-play.<\/em> <em>Continue<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>coach<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>to welcome each passenger.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h5><strong>Part 3: Debriefing and Identifying Committed Action:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ol start=\"9\">\n<li><strong><em>Thank<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>and<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>invite<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>passengers<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>return<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>their<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>seats.<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>Invite<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>BD<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>to<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>sit<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>down<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>at<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>front<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>with<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>for<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>debriefing.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilitator <\/strong><em>says to BD, <\/em>\u201cThank you so much for being so courageous and generous in putting yourself out here as the bus driver to support our group learning experience. You did so well. Would you like to share with us what this experience was like for you?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWhat was it like to share your values, actions, and the list of barriers?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cWhat was the role-play like the first time around?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cHow was it different the second time around?\u201d<\/li>\n<li>\u201cNow that you have this experience, what is one action you are willing to do within this week to further your values? It can be a small step or a big step\u2026 just as long as it takes you one step further in your valued direction.\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>waits<\/em> <em>for<\/em> <em>BD<\/em> <em>to<\/em> <em>identify<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>action<\/em> <em>step<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down<\/em> <em>on<\/em><em> flipchart.<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cHow sure are you that you will do this task from 0 \u2013 100%?\u201d<\/li>\n<li><em>(<\/em><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>solicits<\/em> <em>a<\/em> <em>smaller<\/em> <em>action<\/em> <em>if<\/em> <em>the<\/em> <em>certainty<\/em> <em>is<\/em> <em>below<\/em> <em>80%.<\/em> <strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <em>may<\/em> <em>ask,<\/em> \u201cWhat would it take for you to be 100% sure that you will do this task?\u201d <em>(Support BD to define and establish a committed goal for action)<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"10\">\n<li><strong><em>Debrief with the passengers and the rest of the<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>group.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>says<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>PG,<\/strong> \u201cWhat was it like role-playing the barriers? What did you notice about the bus driver? What was the difference in your experience between the first and second role-play?\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>says<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>everyone,<\/strong> \u201cWhat have you observed in this exercise? Have you experienced similar kinds of thoughts in your head that try to bully you around?\u201d<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"11\">\n<li><strong><em>Debrief with the entire<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>group.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Facilitator<\/strong> <strong>asks,<\/strong> \u201cWhat do you think the passengers represent?\u201d <em>(See<\/em> <em>summary<\/em> <em>points)<\/em><\/li>\n<li>\u201cWhat ACT processes do you observe in the bus driver in the second round?\u201d (See summary points)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ol start=\"12\">\n<li><strong><em>Engage all participants in<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>identifying personal committed<\/em><\/strong> <strong><em>action.<\/em><\/strong><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u201cHaving experienced the bus driver together, what next steps are you willing to commit to in your own life?\u201d<\/li>\n<li><strong><em>Facilitator<\/em><\/strong> <em>engages<\/em> <em>each<\/em> <em>participant<\/em> <em>to identify<\/em> <em>one<\/em> <em>specific<\/em> <em>action step<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>write<\/em> <em>down on<\/em> <em>flipchart<\/em> <em>or<\/em> <em>notepad.<\/em><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h5 style=\"text-align: center\"><strong>Key Summary Points:<\/strong><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li>The passenger metaphor represents the unwanted thoughts or psychological struggles we face; the more we try to avoid them and fight them, the more power they have over us and distract us from our value-guided goals and action.<\/li>\n<li>In the second round, the BD became mindful (contact with the present moment) and remained in full contact with what really mattered (values). The BD was interacting with the thoughts as passengers rather than analyzing what they were saying (defusion) and was welcoming them on board the bus (acceptance). The BD did not get confused and identified with the thoughts, but instead, took control of where the bus went, with the bus containing all the thoughts as passengers (self-as-context). Finally, the BD made a firm commitment to a concrete action in the service of values (committed action). With these ACT processes, the BD becomes more resilient and live a more meaningful life.\u201d<\/li>\n<li>Negative thoughts related to stigma are like the passengers; instead of struggling with these thoughts, we can focus on our values and committed action.<\/li>\n<li>Committed action means staying the course with what we set out to do regardless of difficulties. Just like with the BD, it is important to focus on an action step that you are willing to commit; whether it is a big or small step, the committed action is meaningful as long as it is guided by values.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>Source:<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Informed by the metaphor of <em>Thoughts<\/em> <em>as<\/em> <em>Passengers <\/em>in Hayes, S. C., Strosahl, K., &amp; Wilson, K. G. (2012). <em>Acceptance<\/em> <em>and<\/em> <em>commitment<\/em> <em>therapy:<\/em> <em>The process and practice of mindful change <\/em>(2nd ed), (pp. 250-252). Guilford Press.<\/p>\n<h1 class=\"page-break-before\">Worksheet 3.8.1 &#8211; The Bus Driver: Participant-Observer Exercise<\/h1>\n<p>The Bus Driver activity is an opportunity to explore values in relation to committed action. It supports us to look at obstacles or places where we may feel \u2018stuck\u2019 and how to practice defusion and acceptance. As a participant-observer it is important for you to support the Bus Driver by offering your attention during the activity. In the following exercise, please record any observations, thoughts or feelings that come up for you during the activity.<\/p>\n<table style=\"width: 100%;height: 1006px\" cellpadding=\"0px 0pt\">\n<tbody>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 24.35pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 4.5pt\"><strong>1.<\/strong> <strong>What<\/strong> <strong>keeps<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>Bus<\/strong> <strong>Driver<\/strong> <strong>away<\/strong> <strong>from<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>centre<\/strong> <strong>of<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>bull\u2019s<\/strong><strong> eye?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 98.9pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 151px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 41.15pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 18.05pt;margin-right: 65.8pt\"><strong>2.<\/strong> <strong>What<\/strong> <strong>happens<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>Bus<\/strong> <strong>Driver<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>first<\/strong> <strong>time<\/strong> <strong>doing<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>activity? The second time?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 123.35pt\">\n<td style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 50%;height: 163px;vertical-align: top\">\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 4.5pt\"><strong>First<\/strong> <strong>Time:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<td style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;vertical-align: top;width: 463.8125px;height: 163px\">\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 4.5pt\"><strong>Second<\/strong> <strong>Time:<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 41.15pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 18.45pt\"><strong>3.<\/strong> <strong>How<\/strong> <strong>do<\/strong> <strong>your<\/strong> <strong>own<\/strong> <strong>personal<\/strong> <strong>experiences<\/strong> <strong>relate<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>those<\/strong> <strong>of<\/strong> <strong>the<\/strong> <strong>Bus<\/strong> <strong>Driver?<\/strong> <strong>Did anything that the Bus Driver shared resonate with you?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 95.3pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 171px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 41.15pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"background-color: #d1d3d4;padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 86px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<h5 class=\"import-TableParagraph\" style=\"margin-left: 18.45pt\"><strong>4.<\/strong> <strong>What<\/strong> <strong>thoughts,<\/strong> <strong>ideas<\/strong> <strong>or<\/strong> <strong>reflections<\/strong> <strong>about<\/strong> <strong>\u201cvalues<\/strong> <strong>and<\/strong> <strong>action\u201d<\/strong> <strong>came<\/strong> <strong>to<\/strong> <strong>you while witnessing and\/or participating in this exercise?<\/strong><\/h5>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr class=\"TableNormal-R\" style=\"height: 114.5pt\">\n<td class=\"TableNormal-C\" style=\"padding: 0px 0pt;border: 0.5pt solid #231f20;width: 871.015625px;height: 177px\" colspan=\"2\">\n<p class=\"import-TableParagraph\">\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p class=\"import-Normal\">\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":486,"menu_order":32,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-276","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":291,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/486"}],"version-history":[{"count":8,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":810,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276\/revisions\/810"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/291"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/276\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=276"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=276"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/champsinaction\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}