{"id":125,"date":"2020-03-03T09:04:42","date_gmt":"2020-03-03T14:04:42","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/communicationnursing\/?post_type=chapter&p=125"},"modified":"2022-11-28T15:20:08","modified_gmt":"2022-11-28T20:20:08","slug":"factors-influencing-interprofessional-communication","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/chapter\/factors-influencing-interprofessional-communication\/","title":{"raw":"Factors Influencing Interprofessional Communication","rendered":"Factors Influencing Interprofessional Communication"},"content":{"raw":"There are several factors that can influence interprofessional communication in positive or negative ways \u2013 and can therefore have positive or negative effects on healthcare professionals and client outcomes.\r\n\r\nThe factors affecting interprofessional communication can be divided into three main categories<\/strong>: those related to the physical environment, those related to the context, and those related to communication styles of the people involved. See Figure 3.4<\/strong>.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\n\"\"\r\n\r\nFigure<\/strong>\u00a0 3.4:<\/strong> Factors affecting interprofessional communication\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nYou should consider these factors and how you can modify your communication patterns to engage in effective interprofessional communication.\r\n
    \r\n \t
  • First, you will often be working in physical environments<\/strong> that are sometimes noisy and have many moving parts including clients, families, and multiple members of interprofessional teams. In addition to the many people, there may be beeping machines and overhead announcements. You should be aware that this can cause sensory overload: healthcare environments are often unfamiliar for clients and their families, so you should take this into consideration.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Second, interprofessional communication in healthcare environments takes place in a complex context<\/strong> involving a lot of information and dynamic and complex clinical situations that require a high level of acuity. It can be very intense, with life-threatening conditions, death, uncertainty, fear, and anxiety \u2013 and can lead to work overload. This context can also influence the dynamic nature and intensity of interprofessional conversations. The hierarchical relationships that exist in interprofessional teams and imbalances of power or ideas about power can also affect how individuals communicate and interpret conversations. It is vital that you communicate clearly, compassionately, and systematically.<\/li>\r\n \t
  • Third, each group of healthcare professionals has their own culture and communication styles,<\/strong> which may not align with those of other healthcare professionals. For example, nurses are often taught to be descriptive and embed narrative elements in their communication. This descriptive style capitalizes on a comprehensive and storied approach. Other healthcare professionals, such as physicians and pharmacists, are taught to be more concise and efficient. As you can imagine, these two communication styles may not always align, so you should reflect on how to tailor your communication to the person or group that you are speaking with, while still communicating your point of view as a nurse.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTable 3.3<\/strong> presents examples of ineffective interprofessional communication and strategies to manage each one.\r\n\r\n \r\n\r\nTable 3.3<\/strong>: Ineffective communication\r\n\r\n*HCP = healthcare professional\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
    \r\n

    Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    Effects<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Disrespectful communication<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1<\/strong>\u00a0says HCP #1: \u201cIt\u2019s 11 am already!\u201d [shakes head in disapproval] \u201cGoodness gracious, you haven\u2019t got her out of bed yet?! What\u2019s wrong with you?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    Demoralizes and demeans another person. Although there may be a reason why the client was not helped out of bed, the healthcare professional may feel disempowered and not share the information.<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    HCP #2<\/strong> could respond by saying: \u201cIt is probably better for you to inquire about the reasons that I have not got the client out of bed. Your communication is disrespectful and disregards what is going on with Mrs. Hart. Would you like to know what is going on?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    Alternatively, HCP #1<\/strong>, who was initially disrespectful, could have engaged in discussion that is guided by inquiry instead of blame, and said: \u201cI noticed Mrs. Hart is not out of bed yet. How can I help?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    Effects<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Failure to communicate concern.<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cThe client\u2019s BP is 140\/88\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cOkay.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    The first healthcare professional stated a finding, but did not indicate or emphasize their concern. Thus, the second healthcare professional did not recognize the need to be concerned or engage in a dialogue. Failure to communicate one\u2019s concern can have a negative effect on patient outcomes.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    When communicating, it is important to explicate and emphasize when you have concerns and make sure that the individual that you are discussing it with recognizes the importance of what you are saying.<\/p>\r\n

    For example, the conversation could be modified such that the concern is acknowledged, and they engage in a discussion about the plan of care:<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cThe client\u2019s BP is 140\/88. This is out of the ordinary for this client, their baseline BP is 100\/60. I have a serious concern about the high BP and I think we should intervene.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cThat is quite a jump. Is the client\u2019s pain well-controlled?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    Effects<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Failure to communicate rationale for an action or decision.<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cLet\u2019s try putting the client in prone position.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cYou want us to roll the client onto their abdomen.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cYes.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cI think that will be difficult.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    The communication is not dialogical because of the failure to communicate a rationale for an action or decision by either of these professionals. As a result, neither professional understands the perspective of the other.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    When communicating, it is important to provide rationale for your actions and decisions.<\/p>\r\n

    For example, the conversation could be modified so that a person\u2019s rationale is clearly identified, as such:<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cLet\u2019s try putting the client in prone position. Some recent research has suggested that this can improve respiratory function when a client has severe respiratory distress that is not responding to other interventions.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cI am concerned about rolling the client onto their abdomen with all of the tubes and wires. Do you have a suggestion?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cIf you are open to it, I can grab one more person and we can do it as a team. What do you think?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    Effects<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Unclear\/incomplete communication or miscommunication.<\/p>\r\n

    HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cCan you help Ms. Di Lallo with her breakfast?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cYes\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cShe\u2019s at table 1.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#2:<\/strong> [walks over to the client], \u201cHi Ms. Di Lallo, are you ready for your breakfast?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    Client:<\/strong> \u201cYes, can you please pass me my coffee?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#2:<\/strong> [passes Ms. Di Lallo her coffee].<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#3:<\/strong> \u201cOh, hold on! Ms. Di Lallo, we need to thicken your coffee first.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    This unclear communication about the client\u2019s diet led to a near miss. Unclear, incomplete, or miscommunication can result in errors related to client care and can have serious consequences for their health.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    When communicating, it is important to include all pertinent information to provide safe, effective care. All healthcare professionals need to clarify any communication shared.<\/p>\r\n

    For example, the conversation could be modified by ensuring communicating all required information:<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cCan you help Ms. Di Lallo with her breakfast?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cYes\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cGreat, she\u2019s at table 1. Ms. Di Lallo has dysphagia, so you need to make sure all her fluids are thickened and follow the dysphagia diet protocol. The thickener should be on her tray. Do you have any questions?\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cNo, I\u2019m aware of the dysphagia diet protocol and will monitor Ms. Di Lallo during her meal.\u201d<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Example<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    Effects<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

    \r\n

    Ineffective conflict resolution on a plan of care.<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cMr. Pink said he does not feel he is ready to be discharged and I agree.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cI think I\u2019m able to determine when Mr. Pink can be discharged considering I\u2019ve been working with him for 6 months and you just met him last week.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cI think we need to talk to the whole team.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    The communication is ineffective because the HCPs disagree about the plan of care for the client. They are not focusing on the context of the interprofessional communication and\/or explaining their reasoning based on the client\u2019s needs. They are focusing on their own opinions instead of using a client-centred perspective and evidence-informed approach.<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

    		\r\n

    In the case of a disagreement, HCPs need to effectively explain their reasons in the context of client-centred care and evidence-informed approaches. It\u2019s always important to use effective conflict resolution strategies.<\/p>\r\n

    For example, the conversation could be modified as:<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cMr. Pink said he does not feel he is ready to be discharged. I agree with him because he has no support system in place to help him with his activities of daily living at home.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cI believe he is physically and mentally ready to go home, but you bring up a good point. Let\u2019s put together a plan for home care.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cGreat.\u201d<\/p>\r\n

    <\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nNow, you have learned about the factors that positively and negatively influence interprofessional communication. Inevitably, despite healthcare professionals\u2019 best intentions, conflict is common in interprofessional contexts. Let\u2019s examine this next!","rendered":"

    There are several factors that can influence interprofessional communication in positive or negative ways \u2013 and can therefore have positive or negative effects on healthcare professionals and client outcomes.<\/p>\n

    The factors affecting interprofessional communication can be divided into three main categories<\/strong>: those related to the physical environment, those related to the context, and those related to communication styles of the people involved. See Figure 3.4<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    \"\"<\/p>\n

    Figure<\/strong>\u00a0 3.4:<\/strong> Factors affecting interprofessional communication<\/p>\n

     <\/p>\n

    You should consider these factors and how you can modify your communication patterns to engage in effective interprofessional communication.<\/p>\n

      \n
    • First, you will often be working in physical environments<\/strong> that are sometimes noisy and have many moving parts including clients, families, and multiple members of interprofessional teams. In addition to the many people, there may be beeping machines and overhead announcements. You should be aware that this can cause sensory overload: healthcare environments are often unfamiliar for clients and their families, so you should take this into consideration.<\/li>\n
    • Second, interprofessional communication in healthcare environments takes place in a complex context<\/strong> involving a lot of information and dynamic and complex clinical situations that require a high level of acuity. It can be very intense, with life-threatening conditions, death, uncertainty, fear, and anxiety \u2013 and can lead to work overload. This context can also influence the dynamic nature and intensity of interprofessional conversations. The hierarchical relationships that exist in interprofessional teams and imbalances of power or ideas about power can also affect how individuals communicate and interpret conversations. It is vital that you communicate clearly, compassionately, and systematically.<\/li>\n
    • Third, each group of healthcare professionals has their own culture and communication styles,<\/strong> which may not align with those of other healthcare professionals. For example, nurses are often taught to be descriptive and embed narrative elements in their communication. This descriptive style capitalizes on a comprehensive and storied approach. Other healthcare professionals, such as physicians and pharmacists, are taught to be more concise and efficient. As you can imagine, these two communication styles may not always align, so you should reflect on how to tailor your communication to the person or group that you are speaking with, while still communicating your point of view as a nurse.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

      Table 3.3<\/strong> presents examples of ineffective interprofessional communication and strategies to manage each one.<\/p>\n

       <\/p>\n

      Table 3.3<\/strong>: Ineffective communication<\/p>\n

      *HCP = healthcare professional<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \n

      Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Disrespectful communication<\/p>\n

      HCP #1<\/strong>\u00a0says HCP #1: \u201cIt\u2019s 11 am already!\u201d [shakes head in disapproval] \u201cGoodness gracious, you haven\u2019t got her out of bed yet?! What\u2019s wrong with you?\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Demoralizes and demeans another person. Although there may be a reason why the client was not helped out of bed, the healthcare professional may feel disempowered and not share the information.<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      HCP #2<\/strong> could respond by saying: \u201cIt is probably better for you to inquire about the reasons that I have not got the client out of bed. Your communication is disrespectful and disregards what is going on with Mrs. Hart. Would you like to know what is going on?\u201d<\/p>\n

      Alternatively, HCP #1<\/strong>, who was initially disrespectful, could have engaged in discussion that is guided by inquiry instead of blame, and said: \u201cI noticed Mrs. Hart is not out of bed yet. How can I help?\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Failure to communicate concern.<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cThe client\u2019s BP is 140\/88\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cOkay.\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      The first healthcare professional stated a finding, but did not indicate or emphasize their concern. Thus, the second healthcare professional did not recognize the need to be concerned or engage in a dialogue. Failure to communicate one\u2019s concern can have a negative effect on patient outcomes.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      When communicating, it is important to explicate and emphasize when you have concerns and make sure that the individual that you are discussing it with recognizes the importance of what you are saying.<\/p>\n

      For example, the conversation could be modified such that the concern is acknowledged, and they engage in a discussion about the plan of care:<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cThe client\u2019s BP is 140\/88. This is out of the ordinary for this client, their baseline BP is 100\/60. I have a serious concern about the high BP and I think we should intervene.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cThat is quite a jump. Is the client\u2019s pain well-controlled?\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Failure to communicate rationale for an action or decision.<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cLet\u2019s try putting the client in prone position.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cYou want us to roll the client onto their abdomen.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cYes.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cI think that will be difficult.\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      The communication is not dialogical because of the failure to communicate a rationale for an action or decision by either of these professionals. As a result, neither professional understands the perspective of the other.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      When communicating, it is important to provide rationale for your actions and decisions.<\/p>\n

      For example, the conversation could be modified so that a person\u2019s rationale is clearly identified, as such:<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cLet\u2019s try putting the client in prone position. Some recent research has suggested that this can improve respiratory function when a client has severe respiratory distress that is not responding to other interventions.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #2:<\/strong> \u201cI am concerned about rolling the client onto their abdomen with all of the tubes and wires. Do you have a suggestion?\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cIf you are open to it, I can grab one more person and we can do it as a team. What do you think?\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Unclear\/incomplete communication or miscommunication.<\/p>\n

      HCP #1:<\/strong> \u201cCan you help Ms. Di Lallo with her breakfast?\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cYes\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cShe\u2019s at table 1.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#2:<\/strong> [walks over to the client], \u201cHi Ms. Di Lallo, are you ready for your breakfast?\u201d<\/p>\n

      Client:<\/strong> \u201cYes, can you please pass me my coffee?\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#2:<\/strong> [passes Ms. Di Lallo her coffee].<\/p>\n

      HCP#3:<\/strong> \u201cOh, hold on! Ms. Di Lallo, we need to thicken your coffee first.\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      This unclear communication about the client\u2019s diet led to a near miss. Unclear, incomplete, or miscommunication can result in errors related to client care and can have serious consequences for their health.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      When communicating, it is important to include all pertinent information to provide safe, effective care. All healthcare professionals need to clarify any communication shared.<\/p>\n

      For example, the conversation could be modified by ensuring communicating all required information:<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cCan you help Ms. Di Lallo with her breakfast?\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cYes\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cGreat, she\u2019s at table 1. Ms. Di Lallo has dysphagia, so you need to make sure all her fluids are thickened and follow the dysphagia diet protocol. The thickener should be on her tray. Do you have any questions?\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cNo, I\u2019m aware of the dysphagia diet protocol and will monitor Ms. Di Lallo during her meal.\u201d<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Example<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      Effects<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      How to manage this type of communication<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

      \n

      Ineffective conflict resolution on a plan of care.<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cMr. Pink said he does not feel he is ready to be discharged and I agree.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cI think I\u2019m able to determine when Mr. Pink can be discharged considering I\u2019ve been working with him for 6 months and you just met him last week.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cI think we need to talk to the whole team.\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      The communication is ineffective because the HCPs disagree about the plan of care for the client. They are not focusing on the context of the interprofessional communication and\/or explaining their reasoning based on the client\u2019s needs. They are focusing on their own opinions instead of using a client-centred perspective and evidence-informed approach.<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n

      		\n

      In the case of a disagreement, HCPs need to effectively explain their reasons in the context of client-centred care and evidence-informed approaches. It\u2019s always important to use effective conflict resolution strategies.<\/p>\n

      For example, the conversation could be modified as:<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cMr. Pink said he does not feel he is ready to be discharged. I agree with him because he has no support system in place to help him with his activities of daily living at home.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#2:<\/strong> \u201cI believe he is physically and mentally ready to go home, but you bring up a good point. Let\u2019s put together a plan for home care.\u201d<\/p>\n

      HCP#1:<\/strong> \u201cGreat.\u201d<\/p>\n

      \n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

      Now, you have learned about the factors that positively and negatively influence interprofessional communication. Inevitably, despite healthcare professionals\u2019 best intentions, conflict is common in interprofessional contexts. Let\u2019s examine this next!<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"menu_order":5,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-125","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":40,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/125","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/125\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":760,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/125\/revisions\/760"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/40"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/125\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=125"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=125"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=125"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/communicationnursing\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=125"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}