{"id":270,"date":"2021-09-12T18:31:57","date_gmt":"2021-09-12T22:31:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=270"},"modified":"2024-07-01T18:18:29","modified_gmt":"2024-07-01T22:18:29","slug":"htn-background","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/","title":{"raw":"Background","rendered":"Background"},"content":{"raw":"<h1>The Cardiovascular System<\/h1>\r\nThe role of the cardiovascular system is to:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>regulate blood flow to tissues in the body<\/li>\r\n \t<li>deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients<\/li>\r\n \t<li>retrieve waste products<\/li>\r\n \t<li>regulate the temperature of the body<\/li>\r\n \t<li>transport hormones<\/li>\r\n \t<li>maintain fluid volume<\/li>\r\n \t<li>regulate pH<\/li>\r\n \t<li>facilitate gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Electrical Conduction of the Heart<\/h3>\r\nThe diagram of the heart below provides an overview of the different parts of the heart, and how blood flows through it.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_631\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"604\"]<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1.png\" alt=\"A diagram showing the electrical conduction system of the heart. Full text description is below,\" width=\"604\" height=\"466\" class=\"wp-image-631 size-full\" \/> \"Electrical conduction system of the heart: The figure illustrates the different electrical nodes and muscle fibers that play a role in the electrical conduction system. It also represents the NSR pathway.\" Full text description is below.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/52953\">(Ganesan et al., 2016)<\/a>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"68\"]\r\n<h1>Cardiovascular Disease<\/h1>\r\nCardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a group of disorders involving the heart and blood vessels.\r\n\r\nCommon forms of CVD include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Coronary artery disease ([pb_glossary id=\"2288\"]CAD[\/pb_glossary])<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hypertension (HTN)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Heart failure<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Ischemic heart disease or coronary heart disease ([pb_glossary id=\"2290\"]CHD[\/pb_glossary])<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Peripheral arterial disease ([pb_glossary id=\"2292\"]PAD[\/pb_glossary])<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Dyslipidemia<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nIn this section we will focus on <strong>Hypertension<\/strong> and <strong>Dyslipidemia.<\/strong>\r\n<h2>Hypertension<\/h2>\r\nHypertension is a medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.\r\n\r\nThe cardiac cycle consists of two phases: systolic and diastolic.\u00a0 Systolic blood pressure measurement is the force exerted on the walls of blood vessels during contraction (when the heart beats). Diastolic blood pressure measurement is the force exerted during relaxation (resting between beats).\r\n\r\nBlood Pressure (BP) is regulated by:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Cardiac output<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Sympathetic nervous system<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Renin angiotensin aldosterone system ([pb_glossary id=\"2294\"]RAAS[\/pb_glossary])<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Renal function<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h3>Diastole and Systole<\/h3>\r\nIt\u2019s important to understand the various physiological mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation as cardiac medications act on those systems.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_632\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"1024\"]<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-1024x694.png\" alt=\"The two phases of the heart cycle, diastole and systole, are shown. Full text description is below.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\" class=\"wp-image-632 size-large\" \/> Human heart shown during systole and diastole. Full text description is below. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Human_healthy_pumping_heart_en.svg\">LadyofHats via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"69\"]\r\n<h2>Dyslipidemia<\/h2>\r\nDyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood, which is confirmed using a blood test.\r\n\r\nThe main lipids involved include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>High-density lipoprotein (HDL)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Triglycerides (TG)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div>Dyslipidemia can also be described as:<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Hyperlipidemia: abnormally high levels of TC, LDL-C or TG<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Hypercholesterolemia: elevated TC and\/or LDL-C<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div>These can lead to CVD as high LDL-C levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD).<\/div>\r\nA diagnosis of dyslipidemia can also mean that HDL cholesterol levels are too low.\r\n<h2>Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease<\/h2>\r\n<div>Atherosclerosis refers to the progressive thickening of blood vessels due to an accumulation of plaque. Plaque is built of fatty deposits, fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle cells, and may lead to blocked blood flow to the:<\/div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Coronary arteries (CAD)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Heart (myocardial infarction)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Brain (stroke)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Legs (PAD)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_753\" align=\"alignnone\" width=\"450\"]<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/Atherosclerosis-diagram.gif\" alt=\"Illustration comparing an artery with normal blood flow (top) to one with abnormal blood flow due to plaque build-up along the artery wall, resulting in a narrowed artery (bottom).\" width=\"450\" height=\"451\" class=\"wp-image-753 size-full\" \/> Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/atherosclerosis\">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute<\/a>[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<span>[h5p id=\"73\"]<\/span>\r\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Background complete! Feel free to review any resources and move to the next section, \"Assess\", when you are ready.<\/div>\r\n&nbsp;","rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Page Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d639772620f\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69d639772620f\" checked aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#The_Cardiovascular_System\" >The Cardiovascular System<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#Electrical_Conduction_of_the_Heart\" >Electrical Conduction of the Heart<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-1'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#Cardiovascular_Disease\" >Cardiovascular Disease<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-2' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#Hypertension\" >Hypertension<\/a><ul class='ez-toc-list-level-3' ><li class='ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#Diastole_and_Systole\" >Diastole and Systole<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#Dyslipidemia\" >Dyslipidemia<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/chapter\/htn-background\/#Atherosclerosis_and_Coronary_Artery_Disease\" >Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_Cardiovascular_System\"><\/span>The Cardiovascular System<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>The role of the cardiovascular system is to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>regulate blood flow to tissues in the body<\/li>\n<li>deliver oxygenated blood and nutrients<\/li>\n<li>retrieve waste products<\/li>\n<li>regulate the temperature of the body<\/li>\n<li>transport hormones<\/li>\n<li>maintain fluid volume<\/li>\n<li>regulate pH<\/li>\n<li>facilitate gas exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Electrical_Conduction_of_the_Heart\"><\/span>Electrical Conduction of the Heart<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>The diagram of the heart below provides an overview of the different parts of the heart, and how blood flows through it.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_631\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-631\" style=\"width: 604px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1.png\" alt=\"A diagram showing the electrical conduction system of the heart. Full text description is below,\" width=\"604\" height=\"466\" class=\"wp-image-631 size-full\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1.png 604w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1-300x231.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1-65x50.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1-225x174.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/F1-350x270.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 604px) 100vw, 604px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-631\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">&#8220;Electrical conduction system of the heart: The figure illustrates the different electrical nodes and muscle fibers that play a role in the electrical conduction system. It also represents the NSR pathway.&#8221; Full text description is below.\u00a0 <a href=\"https:\/\/www.intechopen.com\/chapters\/52953\">(Ganesan et al., 2016)<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"h5p-68\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-68\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"68\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Text description of &quot;Electrical conduction&quot; figure\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h1><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Cardiovascular_Disease\"><\/span>Cardiovascular Disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h1>\n<p>Cardiovascular Disease (CVD) is a group of disorders involving the heart and blood vessels.<\/p>\n<p>Common forms of CVD include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Coronary artery disease (<button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"270-2288\">CAD<\/button>)<\/li>\n<li>Hypertension (HTN)<\/li>\n<li>Heart failure<\/li>\n<li>Ischemic heart disease or coronary heart disease (<button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"270-2290\">CHD<\/button>)<\/li>\n<li>Peripheral arterial disease (<button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"270-2292\">PAD<\/button>)<\/li>\n<li>Dyslipidemia<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>In this section we will focus on <strong>Hypertension<\/strong> and <strong>Dyslipidemia.<\/strong><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Hypertension\"><\/span>Hypertension<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Hypertension is a medical condition in which the blood pressure in the arteries is persistently elevated.<\/p>\n<p>The cardiac cycle consists of two phases: systolic and diastolic.\u00a0 Systolic blood pressure measurement is the force exerted on the walls of blood vessels during contraction (when the heart beats). Diastolic blood pressure measurement is the force exerted during relaxation (resting between beats).<\/p>\n<p>Blood Pressure (BP) is regulated by:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Cardiac output<\/li>\n<li>Sympathetic nervous system<\/li>\n<li>Renin angiotensin aldosterone system (<button class=\"glossary-term\" aria-describedby=\"270-2294\">RAAS<\/button>)<\/li>\n<li>Renal function<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Diastole_and_Systole\"><\/span>Diastole and Systole<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>It\u2019s important to understand the various physiological mechanisms involved in blood pressure regulation as cardiac medications act on those systems.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_632\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-632\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-1024x694.png\" alt=\"The two phases of the heart cycle, diastole and systole, are shown. Full text description is below.\" width=\"1024\" height=\"694\" class=\"wp-image-632 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-1024x694.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-300x203.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-768x521.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-1536x1042.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-65x44.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-225x153.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole-350x237.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/HTN_Background-diastole-systole.png 1920w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-632\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Human heart shown during systole and diastole. Full text description is below. Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/commons.wikimedia.org\/wiki\/File:Human_healthy_pumping_heart_en.svg\">LadyofHats via Wikimedia Commons<\/a>.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<div id=\"h5p-69\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-69\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"69\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Text description of Diastole and Systole diagram\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Dyslipidemia\"><\/span>Dyslipidemia<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Dyslipidemia is an abnormal amount of lipids in the blood, which is confirmed using a blood test.<\/p>\n<p>The main lipids involved include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Low-density lipoprotein (LDL)<\/li>\n<li>High-density lipoprotein (HDL)<\/li>\n<li>Triglycerides (TG)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>Dyslipidemia can also be described as:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Hyperlipidemia: abnormally high levels of TC, LDL-C or TG<\/li>\n<li>Hypercholesterolemia: elevated TC and\/or LDL-C<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>These can lead to CVD as high LDL-C levels are associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and peripheral artery disease (PAD).<\/div>\n<p>A diagnosis of dyslipidemia can also mean that HDL cholesterol levels are too low.<\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Atherosclerosis_and_Coronary_Artery_Disease\"><\/span>Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery Disease<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<div>Atherosclerosis refers to the progressive thickening of blood vessels due to an accumulation of plaque. Plaque is built of fatty deposits, fibrous connective tissue and smooth muscle cells, and may lead to blocked blood flow to the:<\/div>\n<ul>\n<li>Coronary arteries (CAD)<\/li>\n<li>Heart (myocardial infarction)<\/li>\n<li>Brain (stroke)<\/li>\n<li>Legs (PAD)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<figure id=\"attachment_753\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-753\" style=\"width: 450px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/dietmods\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/262\/2022\/01\/Atherosclerosis-diagram.gif\" alt=\"Illustration comparing an artery with normal blood flow (top) to one with abnormal blood flow due to plaque build-up along the artery wall, resulting in a narrowed artery (bottom).\" width=\"450\" height=\"451\" class=\"wp-image-753 size-full\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-753\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Source: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nhlbi.nih.gov\/health-topics\/atherosclerosis\">National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute<\/a><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span><\/p>\n<div id=\"h5p-73\">\n<div class=\"h5p-iframe-wrapper\"><iframe id=\"h5p-iframe-73\" class=\"h5p-iframe\" data-content-id=\"73\" style=\"height:1px\" src=\"about:blank\" frameBorder=\"0\" scrolling=\"no\" title=\"Text description for diagram comparing a normal artery (a) versus narrowing of artery (b)\"><\/iframe><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox shaded\">Background complete! Feel free to review any resources and move to the next section, &#8220;Assess&#8221;, when you are ready.<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"glossary\"><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"270-2288\" hidden><p>Coronary artery disease: disruption of blood flow due to the build up fatty substances in the coronary arteries<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"270-2290\" hidden><p>Coronary heart disease\/Ischemic heart disease: weakening of the heart caused by reduced blood flow to the heart<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"270-2292\" hidden><p>Peripheral arterial disease: narrowed arteries reducing blood flow to arms or legs<\/p>\n<\/div><div class=\"glossary__tooltip\" id=\"270-2294\" hidden><p>Renin angiotensin aldosterone system: regulation of blood pressure, fluid and electrolyte balance<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>","protected":false},"author":315,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-270","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":89,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/315"}],"version-history":[{"count":29,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2346,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270\/revisions\/2346"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/89"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/270\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=270"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=270"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=270"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/dietmods\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=270"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}