E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) is the youngest child of a family\u00a0of four born to the late G. H. M. Johnson (Onwanonsyshon), Head\u00a0Chief of the Six Nations Indians, and his wife, Emily S. Howells,\u00a0a lady of pure English parentage, her birth-place being Bristol,\u00a0England, but the land of her adoption was Canada.<\/p>\r\n
Chief Johnson was of the renowned Mohawk tribe, and of the \"Blood\u00a0Royal,\" being a scion of one of the fifty noble families which\u00a0composed the historical confederation founded by Hiawatha upwards of\u00a0four hundred years ago, and known at that period as the Brotherhood\u00a0of the Five Nations, but which was afterwards named the Iroquois by\u00a0the early French missionaries and explorers. These Iroquois Indians\u00a0have from the earliest times been famed for their loyalty to the\u00a0British Crown, in defence of which they fought against both French\u00a0and Colonial Revolutionists; and for which fealty they were granted\u00a0the magnificent lands bordering the Grand River in the County of\u00a0Brant, Ontario, and on which the tribes still live.<\/p>\r\n
It was upon this Reserve, on her father's estate, \"Chiefswood,\"\u00a0that Pauline Johnson was born. And it is inevitable that the loyalty\u00a0to Britain and Britain's flag which she inherited from her Red\u00a0ancestors, as well as from her English mother, breathes through both\u00a0her prose and poetic writings.<\/p>\r\n
At an extremely early age this little Indian girl evinced an intense\u00a0love of poetry; and even before she could write, composed many\u00a0little childish jingles about her pet dogs and cats. She was also\u00a0very fond of learning by heart anything that took her fancy, and\u00a0would memorize, apparently without effort, verses that were read to\u00a0her. A telling instance of this early love of poetry may be cited,\u00a0when on one occasion, while she was yet a tiny child of four, a\u00a0friend of her father's, who was going to a distant city, asked her\u00a0what he could bring her as a present, and she replied, \"Verses,\u00a0please.\"<\/p>\r\n
At twelve years of age she was writing fairly creditable poems, but\u00a0was afraid to offer them for publication, lest in after years she\u00a0might regret their almost inevitable crudity. So she did not publish\u00a0anything until after her school days were ended.<\/p>\r\n
Her education was neither extensive nor elaborate, and embraced\u00a0neither High School nor College. A nursery governess for two years\u00a0at home, three years at an Indian day school half a mile from her\u00a0home, and two years in the central school of the City of Brantford\u00a0was the extent of her educational training. But besides this she\u00a0acquired a wide general knowledge, having been, through childhood\u00a0and early girlhood, a great reader, especially of poetry. Before\u00a0she was twelve years old she had read every line of Scott's poems,\u00a0every line of Longfellow, much of Byron, Shakespeare, and such books\u00a0as Addison's \"Spectator,\" Foster's Essays and Owen Meredith.<\/p>\r\n
The first periodicals to accept her poems and place them before\u00a0the public were \"Gems of Poetry,\" a small magazine published in\u00a0New York, and \"The Week,\" established by the late Professor Goldwin\u00a0Smith, of Toronto, the \"New York Independent,\" and \"Toronto Saturday\u00a0Night.\" Since then she has contributed to \"The Athenaeum,\" \"The\u00a0Academy,\" \"Black and White,\" \"The Pall Mall Gazette,\" \"The Daily\u00a0Express,\" and \"Canada,\" all of London, England; \"The Review of\u00a0Reviews,\" Paris, France; \"Harper's Weekly,\" \"New York Independent,\"\u00a0\"Outing,\" \"The Smart Set,\" \"Boston Transcript,\" \"The Buffalo\u00a0Express,\" \"Detroit Free Press,\" \"The Boys' World\" (David C. Cook\u00a0Publishing Co., Elgin, Illinois), \"The Mothers' Magazine\" (David\u00a0C. Cook Publishing Co.), \"The Canadian Magazine,\" \"Toronto Saturday\u00a0Night,\" and \"The Province,\" Vancouver, B.C.<\/p>\r\n
In 1892 the opportunity of a lifetime came to this young versifier,\u00a0when Frank Yeigh, the president of the Young Liberals' Club, of\u00a0Toronto, conceived the idea of having an evening of Canadian\u00a0literature, at which all available Canadian authors should be\u00a0guests and read from their own works.<\/p>\r\n
Among the authors present on this occasion was Pauline Johnson, who\u00a0contributed to the programme one of her compositions, entitled \"A\u00a0Cry from an Indian Wife\"; and when she recited without text this\u00a0much-discussed poem, which shows the Indian's side of the North-West\u00a0Rebellion, she was greeted with tremendous applause from an audience\u00a0which represented the best of Toronto's art, literature and culture.\u00a0She was the only one on the programme who received an encore, and to\u00a0this she replied with one of her favourite canoeing poems.<\/p>\r\n
The following morning the entire press of Toronto asked why this\u00a0young writer was not on the platform as a professional reader;\u00a0while two of the dailies even contained editorials on the subject,\u00a0inquiring why she had never published a volume of her poems, and\u00a0insisted so strongly that the public should hear more of her,\u00a0that Mr. Frank Yeigh arranged for her to give an entire evening\u00a0in Association Hall within two weeks from the date of her first\u00a0appearance. It was for this first recital that she wrote the poem\u00a0by which she is best known, \"The Song my Paddle Sings.\"<\/p>\r\n
On this eventful occasion, owing to the natural nervousness which\u00a0besets a beginner, and to the fact that she had scarcely had time\u00a0to memorize her new poem, she became confused in this particular\u00a0member, and forgot her lines. With true Indian impassiveness,\u00a0however, she never lost her self-control, but smilingly passed over\u00a0the difficulty by substituting something else; and completely won\u00a0the hearts of her audience by her coolness and self-possession. The\u00a0one thought uppermost in her mind, she afterwards said, was that she\u00a0should not leave the platform and thereby acknowledge her defeat;\u00a0and it is undoubtedly this same determination to succeed which has\u00a0carried her successfully through the many years she has been before\u00a0the public.<\/p>\r\n
The immediate success of this entertainment caused Mr. Yeigh to\u00a0undertake the management of a series of recitals for her throughout\u00a0Canada, with the object of enabling her to go to England to submit\u00a0her poems to a London publisher. Within two years this end was\u00a0accomplished, and she spent the season of 1894 in London, and had\u00a0her book of poems, \"The White Wampum,\" accepted by John Lane, of the\u00a0\"Bodley Head.\" She carried with her letters of introduction from His\u00a0Excellency the Earl of Aberdeen and Rev. Professor Clark, of Toronto\u00a0University, which gave her a social and literary standing in London\u00a0which left nothing to be desired.<\/p>\r\n
In London she met many authors, artists and critics, who gave this\u00a0young Canadian girl the right hand of fellowship; and she was\u00a0received and asked to give recitals in the drawing-rooms of many\u00a0diplomats, critics and members of the nobility.<\/p>\r\n
Her book, \"The White Wampum,\" was enthusiastically received by the\u00a0critics and press; and was highly praised by such papers as the\u00a0Edinburgh \"Scotsman,\" \"Glasgow Herald,\" \"Manchester Guardian,\"\u00a0\"Bristol Mercury,\" \"Yorkshire Post,\" \"The Whitehall Review,\" \"Pall\u00a0Mall Gazette,\" the London \"Athenaeum,\" the London \"Academy,\" \"Black\u00a0and White,\" \"Westminster Review,\" etc.<\/p>\r\n
Upon her return to Canada she made her first trip to the Pacific\u00a0Coast, giving recitals at all the cities and towns en route. Since\u00a0then she has crossed the Rocky Mountains nineteen times, and\u00a0appeared as a public entertainer at every city and town between\u00a0Halifax and Vancouver.<\/p>\r\n
In 1903 the George Morang Publishing Company, of Toronto, brought\u00a0out her second book of poems, entitled \"Canadian Born,\" which was so\u00a0well received that the entire edition was exhausted within the year.<\/p>\r\n
About this time she visited Newfoundland, taking with her letters\u00a0of introduction from Sir Charles Tupper to Sir Robert Bond, the\u00a0then Prime Minister of the colony. Her recital in St. John was the\u00a0literary event of the season, and was given under the personal\u00a0patronage of His Excellency the Governor-General and Lady McCallum,\u00a0and the Admiral of the British Flagship.<\/p>\r\n
After this recital in the capital Miss Johnson went to all the small\u00a0seaports and to Hearts' Content, the great Atlantic Cable station,\u00a0her mission being more to secure material for magazine articles on\u00a0the staunch Newfoundlanders and their fishing villages than for the\u00a0purpose of giving recitals.<\/p>\r\n
In 1906 she returned to England, and made her first appearance in\u00a0Steinway Hall, under the distinguished patronage of Lord and Lady\u00a0Strathcona, to whom she carried letters of introduction from the\u00a0Right Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada. On\u00a0this occasion she was accompanied by Mr. Walter McRaye, who added\u00a0greatly to the Canadian interest of the programme by his inimitable\u00a0renditions of Dr. Drummond's Habitant poems.<\/p>\r\n
The following year she again visited London, returning by way of the\u00a0United States, where she and Mr. McRaye were engaged by the American\u00a0Chautauquas for a series of recitals covering eight weeks, during\u00a0which time they went as far as Boulder, Colorado. Then, after one\u00a0more tour of Canada, she decided to give up public work, settle down\u00a0in the city of her choice, Vancouver, British Columbia, and devote\u00a0herself to literature only.<\/p>\r\n
Only a woman of tremendous powers of endurance could have borne up\u00a0under the hardships necessarily encountered in travelling through\u00a0North-Western Canada in pioneer days as Miss Johnson did; and\u00a0shortly after settling down in Vancouver the exposure and hardship\u00a0she had endured began to tell upon her, and her health completely broke\u00a0down. For more than a year she has been an invalid; and as she\u00a0was not able to attend to the business herself, a trust was formed\u00a0by some of the leading citizens of her adopted city for the purpose\u00a0of collecting, and publishing for her benefit, her later works.\u00a0Among these is a number of beautiful Indian legends which she has\u00a0been at great pains to collect; and a splendid series of boys'\u00a0stories, which were exceedingly well received when they ran recently\u00a0in an American boys' magazine.<\/p>\r\n
During the sixteen years Miss Johnson was travelling she had many\u00a0varied and interesting experiences. She has driven up the old\u00a0Battleford trail before the railroad went through, and across the\u00a0Boundary country in British Columbia in the romantic days of the\u00a0early pioneers; and once she took an 850-mile drive up the Cariboo\u00a0trail to the gold-fields. She was always an ardent canoeist, ran\u00a0many strange rivers, crossed many a lonely lake, and camped in many\u00a0an unfrequented place. These venturous trips she took more from her\u00a0inherent love of nature and of adventure than from any necessity\u00a0of her profession.<\/p>\r\n
After an illness of two years' duration Miss Johnson died in\u00a0Vancouver on March 7, 1913. The heroic spirit in which she endured\u00a0long months of suffering is expressed in her poem entitled \"And He\u00a0Said 'Fight On'\" which she wrote after she was informed by her\u00a0physician that her illness would prove fatal.<\/p>\r\n
\u00a0\u00a0Time and its ally, Dark Disarmament<\/p>\r\n\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Have compassed me about;\r\n\r\nHave massed their armies, and on battle bent\r\n\r\nMy forces put to rout,\r\n\r\nBut though I fight alone, and fall, and die,\r\n\r\nTalk terms of Peace? Not I.\r\n
It is eminently fitting that this daughter of Nature should have\u00a0been laid to rest in no urban cemetery. According to her own request\u00a0she was buried in Stanley Park, Vancouver's beautiful heritage of\u00a0the forest primeval. A simple stone surrounded by rustic palings\u00a0marks her grave and on this stone is carved the one word \"Pauline.\"\u00a0There she lies among ferns and wild flowers a short distance from\u00a0Siwash Rock, the story of which she has recorded in the legends of\u00a0her race. In time to come a pathway to her grave will be worn by\u00a0lovers of Canadian poetry who will regard it as one of the most\u00a0romantic of our literary shrines.<\/p>","rendered":"
E. Pauline Johnson (Tekahionwake) is the youngest child of a family\u00a0of four born to the late G. H. M. Johnson (Onwanonsyshon), Head\u00a0Chief of the Six Nations Indians, and his wife, Emily S. Howells,\u00a0a lady of pure English parentage, her birth-place being Bristol,\u00a0England, but the land of her adoption was Canada.<\/p>\n
Chief Johnson was of the renowned Mohawk tribe, and of the “Blood\u00a0Royal,” being a scion of one of the fifty noble families which\u00a0composed the historical confederation founded by Hiawatha upwards of\u00a0four hundred years ago, and known at that period as the Brotherhood\u00a0of the Five Nations, but which was afterwards named the Iroquois by\u00a0the early French missionaries and explorers. These Iroquois Indians\u00a0have from the earliest times been famed for their loyalty to the\u00a0British Crown, in defence of which they fought against both French\u00a0and Colonial Revolutionists; and for which fealty they were granted\u00a0the magnificent lands bordering the Grand River in the County of\u00a0Brant, Ontario, and on which the tribes still live.<\/p>\n
It was upon this Reserve, on her father’s estate, “Chiefswood,”\u00a0that Pauline Johnson was born. And it is inevitable that the loyalty\u00a0to Britain and Britain’s flag which she inherited from her Red\u00a0ancestors, as well as from her English mother, breathes through both\u00a0her prose and poetic writings.<\/p>\n
At an extremely early age this little Indian girl evinced an intense\u00a0love of poetry; and even before she could write, composed many\u00a0little childish jingles about her pet dogs and cats. She was also\u00a0very fond of learning by heart anything that took her fancy, and\u00a0would memorize, apparently without effort, verses that were read to\u00a0her. A telling instance of this early love of poetry may be cited,\u00a0when on one occasion, while she was yet a tiny child of four, a\u00a0friend of her father’s, who was going to a distant city, asked her\u00a0what he could bring her as a present, and she replied, “Verses,\u00a0please.”<\/p>\n
At twelve years of age she was writing fairly creditable poems, but\u00a0was afraid to offer them for publication, lest in after years she\u00a0might regret their almost inevitable crudity. So she did not publish\u00a0anything until after her school days were ended.<\/p>\n
Her education was neither extensive nor elaborate, and embraced\u00a0neither High School nor College. A nursery governess for two years\u00a0at home, three years at an Indian day school half a mile from her\u00a0home, and two years in the central school of the City of Brantford\u00a0was the extent of her educational training. But besides this she\u00a0acquired a wide general knowledge, having been, through childhood\u00a0and early girlhood, a great reader, especially of poetry. Before\u00a0she was twelve years old she had read every line of Scott’s poems,\u00a0every line of Longfellow, much of Byron, Shakespeare, and such books\u00a0as Addison’s “Spectator,” Foster’s Essays and Owen Meredith.<\/p>\n
The first periodicals to accept her poems and place them before\u00a0the public were “Gems of Poetry,” a small magazine published in\u00a0New York, and “The Week,” established by the late Professor Goldwin\u00a0Smith, of Toronto, the “New York Independent,” and “Toronto Saturday\u00a0Night.” Since then she has contributed to “The Athenaeum,” “The\u00a0Academy,” “Black and White,” “The Pall Mall Gazette,” “The Daily\u00a0Express,” and “Canada,” all of London, England; “The Review of\u00a0Reviews,” Paris, France; “Harper’s Weekly,” “New York Independent,”\u00a0“Outing,” “The Smart Set,” “Boston Transcript,” “The Buffalo\u00a0Express,” “Detroit Free Press,” “The Boys’ World” (David C. Cook\u00a0Publishing Co., Elgin, Illinois), “The Mothers’ Magazine” (David\u00a0C. Cook Publishing Co.), “The Canadian Magazine,” “Toronto Saturday\u00a0Night,” and “The Province,” Vancouver, B.C.<\/p>\n
In 1892 the opportunity of a lifetime came to this young versifier,\u00a0when Frank Yeigh, the president of the Young Liberals’ Club, of\u00a0Toronto, conceived the idea of having an evening of Canadian\u00a0literature, at which all available Canadian authors should be\u00a0guests and read from their own works.<\/p>\n
Among the authors present on this occasion was Pauline Johnson, who\u00a0contributed to the programme one of her compositions, entitled “A\u00a0Cry from an Indian Wife”; and when she recited without text this\u00a0much-discussed poem, which shows the Indian’s side of the North-West\u00a0Rebellion, she was greeted with tremendous applause from an audience\u00a0which represented the best of Toronto’s art, literature and culture.\u00a0She was the only one on the programme who received an encore, and to\u00a0this she replied with one of her favourite canoeing poems.<\/p>\n
The following morning the entire press of Toronto asked why this\u00a0young writer was not on the platform as a professional reader;\u00a0while two of the dailies even contained editorials on the subject,\u00a0inquiring why she had never published a volume of her poems, and\u00a0insisted so strongly that the public should hear more of her,\u00a0that Mr. Frank Yeigh arranged for her to give an entire evening\u00a0in Association Hall within two weeks from the date of her first\u00a0appearance. It was for this first recital that she wrote the poem\u00a0by which she is best known, “The Song my Paddle Sings.”<\/p>\n
On this eventful occasion, owing to the natural nervousness which\u00a0besets a beginner, and to the fact that she had scarcely had time\u00a0to memorize her new poem, she became confused in this particular\u00a0member, and forgot her lines. With true Indian impassiveness,\u00a0however, she never lost her self-control, but smilingly passed over\u00a0the difficulty by substituting something else; and completely won\u00a0the hearts of her audience by her coolness and self-possession. The\u00a0one thought uppermost in her mind, she afterwards said, was that she\u00a0should not leave the platform and thereby acknowledge her defeat;\u00a0and it is undoubtedly this same determination to succeed which has\u00a0carried her successfully through the many years she has been before\u00a0the public.<\/p>\n
The immediate success of this entertainment caused Mr. Yeigh to\u00a0undertake the management of a series of recitals for her throughout\u00a0Canada, with the object of enabling her to go to England to submit\u00a0her poems to a London publisher. Within two years this end was\u00a0accomplished, and she spent the season of 1894 in London, and had\u00a0her book of poems, “The White Wampum,” accepted by John Lane, of the\u00a0“Bodley Head.” She carried with her letters of introduction from His\u00a0Excellency the Earl of Aberdeen and Rev. Professor Clark, of Toronto\u00a0University, which gave her a social and literary standing in London\u00a0which left nothing to be desired.<\/p>\n
In London she met many authors, artists and critics, who gave this\u00a0young Canadian girl the right hand of fellowship; and she was\u00a0received and asked to give recitals in the drawing-rooms of many\u00a0diplomats, critics and members of the nobility.<\/p>\n
Her book, “The White Wampum,” was enthusiastically received by the\u00a0critics and press; and was highly praised by such papers as the\u00a0Edinburgh “Scotsman,” “Glasgow Herald,” “Manchester Guardian,”\u00a0“Bristol Mercury,” “Yorkshire Post,” “The Whitehall Review,” “Pall\u00a0Mall Gazette,” the London “Athenaeum,” the London “Academy,” “Black\u00a0and White,” “Westminster Review,” etc.<\/p>\n
Upon her return to Canada she made her first trip to the Pacific\u00a0Coast, giving recitals at all the cities and towns en route. Since\u00a0then she has crossed the Rocky Mountains nineteen times, and\u00a0appeared as a public entertainer at every city and town between\u00a0Halifax and Vancouver.<\/p>\n
In 1903 the George Morang Publishing Company, of Toronto, brought\u00a0out her second book of poems, entitled “Canadian Born,” which was so\u00a0well received that the entire edition was exhausted within the year.<\/p>\n
About this time she visited Newfoundland, taking with her letters\u00a0of introduction from Sir Charles Tupper to Sir Robert Bond, the\u00a0then Prime Minister of the colony. Her recital in St. John was the\u00a0literary event of the season, and was given under the personal\u00a0patronage of His Excellency the Governor-General and Lady McCallum,\u00a0and the Admiral of the British Flagship.<\/p>\n
After this recital in the capital Miss Johnson went to all the small\u00a0seaports and to Hearts’ Content, the great Atlantic Cable station,\u00a0her mission being more to secure material for magazine articles on\u00a0the staunch Newfoundlanders and their fishing villages than for the\u00a0purpose of giving recitals.<\/p>\n
In 1906 she returned to England, and made her first appearance in\u00a0Steinway Hall, under the distinguished patronage of Lord and Lady\u00a0Strathcona, to whom she carried letters of introduction from the\u00a0Right Honourable Sir Wilfrid Laurier, Prime Minister of Canada. On\u00a0this occasion she was accompanied by Mr. Walter McRaye, who added\u00a0greatly to the Canadian interest of the programme by his inimitable\u00a0renditions of Dr. Drummond’s Habitant poems.<\/p>\n
The following year she again visited London, returning by way of the\u00a0United States, where she and Mr. McRaye were engaged by the American\u00a0Chautauquas for a series of recitals covering eight weeks, during\u00a0which time they went as far as Boulder, Colorado. Then, after one\u00a0more tour of Canada, she decided to give up public work, settle down\u00a0in the city of her choice, Vancouver, British Columbia, and devote\u00a0herself to literature only.<\/p>\n
Only a woman of tremendous powers of endurance could have borne up\u00a0under the hardships necessarily encountered in travelling through\u00a0North-Western Canada in pioneer days as Miss Johnson did; and\u00a0shortly after settling down in Vancouver the exposure and hardship\u00a0she had endured began to tell upon her, and her health completely broke\u00a0down. For more than a year she has been an invalid; and as she\u00a0was not able to attend to the business herself, a trust was formed\u00a0by some of the leading citizens of her adopted city for the purpose\u00a0of collecting, and publishing for her benefit, her later works.\u00a0Among these is a number of beautiful Indian legends which she has\u00a0been at great pains to collect; and a splendid series of boys’\u00a0stories, which were exceedingly well received when they ran recently\u00a0in an American boys’ magazine.<\/p>\n
During the sixteen years Miss Johnson was travelling she had many\u00a0varied and interesting experiences. She has driven up the old\u00a0Battleford trail before the railroad went through, and across the\u00a0Boundary country in British Columbia in the romantic days of the\u00a0early pioneers; and once she took an 850-mile drive up the Cariboo\u00a0trail to the gold-fields. She was always an ardent canoeist, ran\u00a0many strange rivers, crossed many a lonely lake, and camped in many\u00a0an unfrequented place. These venturous trips she took more from her\u00a0inherent love of nature and of adventure than from any necessity\u00a0of her profession.<\/p>\n
After an illness of two years’ duration Miss Johnson died in\u00a0Vancouver on March 7, 1913. The heroic spirit in which she endured\u00a0long months of suffering is expressed in her poem entitled “And He\u00a0Said ‘Fight On'” which she wrote after she was informed by her\u00a0physician that her illness would prove fatal.<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0Time and its ally, Dark Disarmament<\/p>\n
\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0Have compassed me about;<\/p>\n
Have massed their armies, and on battle bent<\/p>\n
My forces put to rout,<\/p>\n
But though I fight alone, and fall, and die,<\/p>\n
Talk terms of Peace? Not I.<\/p>\n
It is eminently fitting that this daughter of Nature should have\u00a0been laid to rest in no urban cemetery. According to her own request\u00a0she was buried in Stanley Park, Vancouver’s beautiful heritage of\u00a0the forest primeval. A simple stone surrounded by rustic palings\u00a0marks her grave and on this stone is carved the one word “Pauline.”\u00a0There she lies among ferns and wild flowers a short distance from\u00a0Siwash Rock, the story of which she has recorded in the legends of\u00a0her race. In time to come a pathway to her grave will be worn by\u00a0lovers of Canadian poetry who will regard it as one of the most\u00a0romantic of our literary shrines.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":251,"menu_order":39,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[48],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-279","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry","chapter-type-numberless"],"part":273,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/279","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/251"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/279\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":280,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/279\/revisions\/280"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/273"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/279\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=279"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=279"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=279"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/flintandfeather\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=279"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}