{"id":55,"date":"2021-12-09T17:55:18","date_gmt":"2021-12-09T17:55:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/graduatereivews2\/chapter\/identify-search-terms-keywords\/"},"modified":"2023-02-20T15:29:14","modified_gmt":"2023-02-20T15:29:14","slug":"identify-search-terms-keywords","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/graduatereivews2\/chapter\/identify-search-terms-keywords\/","title":{"raw":"Identify Search Terms (Keywords)","rendered":"Identify Search Terms (Keywords)"},"content":{"raw":"Identifying [pb_glossary id=\"155\"]keywords[\/pb_glossary],<\/strong> (also known as search terms<\/strong>) is important for effective literature searching. \u200bYour search terms are terms that will appear somewhere within the resource (e.g. title, abstract, or author keywords).\r\n\r\nYou can identify search terms from your research question by highlighting, underlining or circling the main ideas that must appear in the article. Your search concepts are the most important words in your research question<\/strong>.<\/em>\r\n
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Example<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n
\r\n\r\nWhat are the keywords you identify within this research question?\r\n\r\n\"What is the relationship between flexible work schedules and staff retention?\"<\/span><\/em>\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"21\"]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\nKeywords are easier to identify once the research question has been formulated using one of the stated frameworks (e.g. PICO<\/strong> or PS<\/strong>) listed in Table 2.2 of Formulating a Research Question.<\/span><\/a>\r\n\r\nBelow is an example of how to use the PICO(T)<\/strong> framework to identify search concepts for a specific research question.\r\n
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Example<\/span><\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n
\r\n\r\nSay you have the following research question: How effective is cognitive behavioural therapy in improving mild-to-moderate depression in adolescents? Let\u2019s break down the formula components by concept.\r\n
\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Formula component<\/strong><\/th>\r\nConcept<\/strong><\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
P<\/strong>atient, P<\/strong>opulation or P<\/strong>roblem (P<\/strong>)<\/td>\r\nAdolescents with mild-to-moderate depression<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
I<\/strong>ntervention (I)<\/strong><\/td>\r\nCognitive behavioural therapy<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
C<\/strong>omparison, C<\/strong>ontrol Intervention (C<\/strong>)<\/td>\r\nThere is no concept here<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
O<\/strong>utcome (O<\/strong>)<\/td>\r\n\r\n

Symptom reduction<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n

<\/div>\r\n
Be aware that not all questions will include each of the framework\u2019s components. For example, the above question does not have a comparison, so there is no Comparison\/Control Intervention (C) concept. Also, many experts advise that when conducting a systematic review, you should be careful about specifying a search term for \u201coutcome.\u201d It can result in considerably lower results and produce bias in your study.[footnote][citation Frandsen, T. F., Nielsen, M. F. B., Lindhardt, C. L., & Eriksen, M. B. (2020). Using the full PICO model as a search tool for systematic reviews resulted in lower recall for some PICO elements. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 127, 69-75.] [\/footnote]<\/div>\r\n
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Learning Activity<\/h2>\r\n<\/header>\r\n
\r\n\r\nIdentify Search Concepts\u00a0<\/strong>\r\n\r\nDrag and drop the correct search terms using PICO (Patient\/Population\/Problem, Intervention, Comparison\/Control, Outcome) for the following research question:\r\n\r\n[h5p id=\"22\"]<\/span>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"

Identifying