{"id":1102,"date":"2024-05-11T15:11:18","date_gmt":"2024-05-11T19:11:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1102"},"modified":"2024-05-11T15:20:28","modified_gmt":"2024-05-11T19:20:28","slug":"2-5-4","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/chapter\/2-5-4\/","title":{"raw":"2.5.4 Dementia","rendered":"2.5.4 Dementia"},"content":{"raw":"<table class=\"grid landscape\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><\/td>\r\n<td>Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/td>\r\n<td>Vascular Dementia<\/td>\r\n<td>Frontotemporal Dementia<\/td>\r\n<td>Lewy Body Dementia<\/td>\r\n<td>Other Dementias<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Prevalence<\/td>\r\n<td>60-70%<\/td>\r\n<td>10-20%<\/td>\r\n<td>10%<\/td>\r\n<td>5%<\/td>\r\n<td>5%<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Characterized by<\/td>\r\n<td>Amyloid plaques and beta tangles<\/td>\r\n<td>Stroke or white matter disease<\/td>\r\n<td>Atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes<\/td>\r\n<td>Lewy body protein deposits<\/td>\r\n<td>\r\n<div>\u2022Parkinson\u2019s Disease<\/div>\r\n<div>\u2022Huntington\u2019s disease<\/div>\r\n<div>\u2022HIV<\/div>\r\n<div>\u2022Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease<\/div>\r\n<div>\u2022Korsakoff syndrome<\/div><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td>Symptoms<\/td>\r\n<td>Memory, language and visuospatial impairments<\/td>\r\n<td>Impaired motor skills and judgement<\/td>\r\n<td>Personality changes and language impairments<\/td>\r\n<td>Hallucinations, REM sleep disorder, impaired thinking and motor skills<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n[footnote]Summerfield of Redlands, 2022[\/footnote][footnote]Statistics Canada, 2016[\/footnote][footnote]Government of Canada, 2022[\/footnote]\r\n\r\nGlobal Deterioration Scale:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Stage 1: No cognitive impairment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stage 2: Subjective memory complaints<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stage 3: Mild cognitive impairment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive impairment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive impairment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stage 6: Severe cognitive impairment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Stage 7: Very severe cognitive impairment[footnote]Hermann &amp; Gauthier, 2008[\/footnote]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<div>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Diagnostic Pathways for Dementia:<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Complete medical history<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Cognitive Assessment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Physical Examination<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lab investigations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Imaging<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Other Considerations<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Rule out other medical conditions[footnote]National Institute of Aging, 2022a[\/footnote][footnote]Woodford, 2007[\/footnote]<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\nManagement of Dementia:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Multimodal:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Non-pharmacological management<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Pharmacological options: Cholinesterase inhibitors, Glutamate antagonists<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Social prescribing<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Education of patient and caregivers<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Collaborative interprofessional team approach<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Responsive behaviours \/ non-cognitive symptoms<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Capacity assessment<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Driving<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Power of Attorney for Care<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>","rendered":"<table class=\"grid landscape\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><\/td>\n<td>Alzheimer\u2019s Disease<\/td>\n<td>Vascular Dementia<\/td>\n<td>Frontotemporal Dementia<\/td>\n<td>Lewy Body Dementia<\/td>\n<td>Other Dementias<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Prevalence<\/td>\n<td>60-70%<\/td>\n<td>10-20%<\/td>\n<td>10%<\/td>\n<td>5%<\/td>\n<td>5%<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Characterized by<\/td>\n<td>Amyloid plaques and beta tangles<\/td>\n<td>Stroke or white matter disease<\/td>\n<td>Atrophy of the frontal and temporal lobes<\/td>\n<td>Lewy body protein deposits<\/td>\n<td>\n<div>\u2022Parkinson\u2019s Disease<\/div>\n<div>\u2022Huntington\u2019s disease<\/div>\n<div>\u2022HIV<\/div>\n<div>\u2022Creutzfeldt- Jakob disease<\/div>\n<div>\u2022Korsakoff syndrome<\/div>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Symptoms<\/td>\n<td>Memory, language and visuospatial impairments<\/td>\n<td>Impaired motor skills and judgement<\/td>\n<td>Personality changes and language impairments<\/td>\n<td>Hallucinations, REM sleep disorder, impaired thinking and motor skills<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Summerfield of Redlands, 2022\" id=\"return-footnote-1102-1\" href=\"#footnote-1102-1\" aria-label=\"Footnote 1\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[1]<\/sup><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Statistics Canada, 2016\" id=\"return-footnote-1102-2\" href=\"#footnote-1102-2\" aria-label=\"Footnote 2\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[2]<\/sup><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Government of Canada, 2022\" id=\"return-footnote-1102-3\" href=\"#footnote-1102-3\" aria-label=\"Footnote 3\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Global Deterioration Scale:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Stage 1: No cognitive impairment<\/li>\n<li>Stage 2: Subjective memory complaints<\/li>\n<li>Stage 3: Mild cognitive impairment<\/li>\n<li>Stage 4: Moderate Cognitive impairment<\/li>\n<li>Stage 5: Moderately severe cognitive impairment<\/li>\n<li>Stage 6: Severe cognitive impairment<\/li>\n<li>Stage 7: Very severe cognitive impairment<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Hermann &amp; Gauthier, 2008\" id=\"return-footnote-1102-4\" href=\"#footnote-1102-4\" aria-label=\"Footnote 4\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[4]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div>\n<ul>\n<li>Diagnostic Pathways for Dementia:<\/li>\n<li>Complete medical history<\/li>\n<li>Cognitive Assessment<\/li>\n<li>Physical Examination<\/li>\n<li>Lab investigations<\/li>\n<li>Imaging<\/li>\n<li>Other Considerations<\/li>\n<li>Rule out other medical conditions<a class=\"footnote\" title=\"National Institute of Aging, 2022a\" id=\"return-footnote-1102-5\" href=\"#footnote-1102-5\" aria-label=\"Footnote 5\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[5]<\/sup><\/a><a class=\"footnote\" title=\"Woodford, 2007\" id=\"return-footnote-1102-6\" href=\"#footnote-1102-6\" aria-label=\"Footnote 6\"><sup class=\"footnote\">[6]<\/sup><\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<p>Management of Dementia:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Multimodal:\n<ul>\n<li>Non-pharmacological management<\/li>\n<li>Pharmacological options: Cholinesterase inhibitors, Glutamate antagonists<\/li>\n<li>Social prescribing<\/li>\n<li>Education of patient and caregivers<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li>Collaborative interprofessional team approach<\/li>\n<li>Responsive behaviours \/ non-cognitive symptoms<\/li>\n<li>Capacity assessment<\/li>\n<li>Driving<\/li>\n<li>Power of Attorney for Care<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<hr class=\"before-footnotes clear\" \/><div class=\"footnotes\"><ol><li id=\"footnote-1102-1\">Summerfield of Redlands, 2022 <a href=\"#return-footnote-1102-1\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 1\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1102-2\">Statistics Canada, 2016 <a href=\"#return-footnote-1102-2\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 2\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1102-3\">Government of Canada, 2022 <a href=\"#return-footnote-1102-3\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 3\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1102-4\">Hermann &amp; Gauthier, 2008 <a href=\"#return-footnote-1102-4\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 4\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1102-5\">National Institute of Aging, 2022a <a href=\"#return-footnote-1102-5\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 5\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><li id=\"footnote-1102-6\">Woodford, 2007 <a href=\"#return-footnote-1102-6\" class=\"return-footnote\" aria-label=\"Return to footnote 6\">&crarr;<\/a><\/li><\/ol><\/div>","protected":false},"author":517,"menu_order":43,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1102","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1102","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/517"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1102\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1106,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1102\/revisions\/1106"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1102\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1102"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1102"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/npltc\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1102"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}