{"id":36,"date":"2020-01-28T12:30:28","date_gmt":"2020-01-28T17:30:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/openmoments\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=36"},"modified":"2020-03-06T16:56:27","modified_gmt":"2020-03-06T21:56:27","slug":"andreasproject","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/chapter\/andreasproject\/","title":{"raw":"Teaching Empathy through Learning Games","rendered":"Teaching Empathy through Learning Games"},"content":{"raw":"<h2>Andrea's Project<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"109\" height=\"100\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-141\" \/>Andrea Moraes is a contract lecturer at Ryerson, where she teaches at the School of Nutrition in the Faculty of Community Services, and for the Certificate in Food Security at the Chang School of Continuing Education. Andrea is also a research associate at Ryerson\u2019s Centre for Studies in Food Security. Together with Kosha Bramesfeld, Andrea was the co-principal investigator for the eCampus Ontario funded learning game, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/openlearning\/projects\/food-security-quest\/play\/\"><span class=\"s2\">The Food Security Quest<\/span><\/a>. The game is available as an open resource and is free to use for anyone.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Coming to Open<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"pullquote-right\">\"We need to be able to connect the classroom to the real world and students are the key to do that.\"<\/span>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Andrea is passionate about teaching and learning and is always looking for alternative ways to engage her students. After she participated in a conference about <a href=\"https:\/\/familyfarmingconference.wordpress.com\/program-2\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Family Farming<\/span><\/a> at Ryerson, she learned about an online simulation game called <a href=\"https:\/\/thefamilyfarmer.com\/\"><span class=\"s2\">The Family Farmer<\/span><\/a> . She started using it in her classes as supplementary material<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>and asked students to do it at home. When it was time for student feedback, Andrea was amazed by how much students learned from the realistic challenges and decisions they had to make as small farmers while playing the game. Students could now understand these challenges not only from the perspective presented by their readings, but also through their own simulated experiences. The educational impact of the game was undeniable and Andrea started using it regularly as homework, followed by class discussions. From this experience she began thinking of creating a similar simulation game on the topic of food security <span>\u2014<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>a very important topic in food studies. This idea gained force when she met Kosha Bramesfield at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/content\/dam\/learning-teaching\/programs\/conference\/2015\/program.pdf\"><span class=\"s2\">Ryerson Learning &amp; Teaching Conference<\/span><\/a> in 2015.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>There Kosha presented on the board game <a href=\"https:\/\/teachingcommons.yorku.ca\/the-game-of-social-life-poverty-simulation\/\"><span class=\"s2\">The Game of Social Life, Poverty Simulation<\/span><\/a>, the two started communicating. When the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecampusontario.ca\/\"><span class=\"s2\">eCampus Ontario<\/span><\/a> call for proposals for open resources appeared, they put these ideas on paper for the research and creation of the online <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/openlearning\/projects\/food-security-quest\/play\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Food Security Quest<\/span><\/a> simulation game.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Publishing the Food Security Quest game as an open resource was a great way to share an educational tool promoting greater understanding of food security in Ontario with a wide audience. When teaching large classes, textbooks and lecturing alone cannot teach students the reality of broader social contexts, such as poverty and food insecurity. In addition, these are sensitive issues and many students who have experienced food insecurity may not feel comfortable self-identifying. A simulation game such as the Food Security Quest enables students to choose the characters they want to play, make decisions for their characters, and face the consequences of such decisions.<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Andrea has been consistently using the game in her online and face-to-face courses. From the feedback received so far, students have enjoyed and engaged with it. Some students commented that they didn\u2019t realize that food insecurity could be so difficult to deal with, and have demonstrated through their course assessments that they have gained empathy for those experiencing it. These students are now able to connect with an experience that is at the same time separate from their usual life but also close and personal.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The Food Security Quest game shares information about food security in Ontario and also mobilizes students to care about it.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The game is also accompanied by an<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/content\/dam\/openlearning\/foodsecurity\/Food-Security-Quest-Instructor-Guide.pdf\"> <span class=\"s2\">instructor guide<\/span><\/a> to help other university instructors effectively incorporate the resource into their curriculum.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity-300x237.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"281\" class=\"wp-image-104  aligncenter\" \/>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The development of the game was a large undertaking that took a lot of different people and skills to finish. \u201cWhen we started, there was no methodology to follow,\u201d said Andrea. The creative team was mostly composed of students who met bi-weekly for one year to share results about their research, character development, and the structure of the game. The later stages in the development of the game also benefitted from the support of a number of members from the Ryerson <a href=\"https:\/\/library.ryerson.ca\/collab\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Collaboratory<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/library.ryerson.ca\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Library<\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/centre-for-excellence-in-learning-and-teaching\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching<\/span><\/a>. From making sure the game was accessible and beautiful to creating the website that houses the game, many brains and hands were involved. <\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<h2>Learning from Open<\/h2>\r\n<span class=\"pullquote-right\">\"Learning should be fun!\"<\/span>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Andrea finds that the game is both exciting and interesting to students, as well as an effective tool to reach her learning outcomes. However, the reach of the game goes beyond Andrea\u2019s students. Both Andrea and Kosha promoted the game in conferences and professional mailing lists to make sure other communities, organizations, and educational institutions in Canada knew about the game. Although the focus of Food Security Quest is about food insecurity in Ontario, the game is accessible on the web for anyone. The open license means it can be updated, challenged, or expanded for use anywhere in the world.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">As for the future of Andrea\u2019s involvement with open, she is hoping to create a geo-caching style game where students need to engage in the world around them and check-in to different food locations, learning something about each location as they go. \u201cAfter you do one, you want to do more,\u201d argues Andrea.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The creative process of building an open resource can be very stimulating, and there are challenges, too.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Student involvement in a project like this is essential to make it meaningful but it is not always easy to get funds to support their work.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The competition for funds could be even harder for contract faculty like Andrea.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>In addition there are fewer opportunities and re<sub>s<\/sub>ources that recognize the time contract faculty spend on developing such projects. It is important to give recognition to the instructors who are spending their time on this, such as financial support. These projects matter to students and the community in the long run.<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\"><header class=\"textbox__header\">\r\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Advice for Other Faculty<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\"><\/span><span class=\"s2\">Choose your partners carefully, it is not easy to co-manage a project\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Create a common vision. What do you want to build? Why? How?<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Find the learning gaps and challenges, then fill them using a creative solution that excites you. This is your ultimate reward!<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Engage students with your project and listen to their ideas. Students often know what works and what doesn\u2019t.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Ask for help when you need it. The generosity of people at Ryerson is amazing.<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Make sure you are respecting everyone involved<\/span><\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Have fun!<\/span><\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<h2>Epilogue<\/h2>\r\n<em>From Andrea:\u00a0 <\/em><span class=\"s1\">It can be a lot of work to create an open resource, and it is not always easy. However, with an open mind, a supporting community and engaged students this can be a very rewarding project.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span>\r\n\r\n<sub>Credits: <em>Game by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project, CC-BY.<\/em><\/sub>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<sup>Logo of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/openlearning\/projects\/food-security-quest\/play\/\">Food Security Quest<\/a> game by Ryerson University licensed under <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a><span>. Ryerson University logos and the Ryerson University name are trademarks of Ryerson University, registered in Canada and other countries, and are excluded from Creative Commons licensing.<\/span><\/sup>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>","rendered":"<h2>Andrea&#8217;s Project<\/h2>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03-150x150.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"109\" height=\"100\" class=\"alignleft wp-image-141\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03-300x275.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03-65x60.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03-225x206.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03-350x321.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2019\/12\/Icons-03.png 501w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 109px) 100vw, 109px\" \/>Andrea Moraes is a contract lecturer at Ryerson, where she teaches at the School of Nutrition in the Faculty of Community Services, and for the Certificate in Food Security at the Chang School of Continuing Education. Andrea is also a research associate at Ryerson\u2019s Centre for Studies in Food Security. Together with Kosha Bramesfeld, Andrea was the co-principal investigator for the eCampus Ontario funded learning game, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/openlearning\/projects\/food-security-quest\/play\/\"><span class=\"s2\">The Food Security Quest<\/span><\/a>. The game is available as an open resource and is free to use for anyone.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Coming to Open<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"pullquote-right\">&#8220;We need to be able to connect the classroom to the real world and students are the key to do that.&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Andrea is passionate about teaching and learning and is always looking for alternative ways to engage her students. After she participated in a conference about <a href=\"https:\/\/familyfarmingconference.wordpress.com\/program-2\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Family Farming<\/span><\/a> at Ryerson, she learned about an online simulation game called <a href=\"https:\/\/thefamilyfarmer.com\/\"><span class=\"s2\">The Family Farmer<\/span><\/a> . She started using it in her classes as supplementary material<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>and asked students to do it at home. When it was time for student feedback, Andrea was amazed by how much students learned from the realistic challenges and decisions they had to make as small farmers while playing the game. Students could now understand these challenges not only from the perspective presented by their readings, but also through their own simulated experiences. The educational impact of the game was undeniable and Andrea started using it regularly as homework, followed by class discussions. From this experience she began thinking of creating a similar simulation game on the topic of food security <span>\u2014<\/span><span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>a very important topic in food studies. This idea gained force when she met Kosha Bramesfield at the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/content\/dam\/learning-teaching\/programs\/conference\/2015\/program.pdf\"><span class=\"s2\">Ryerson Learning &amp; Teaching Conference<\/span><\/a> in 2015.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 <\/span>There Kosha presented on the board game <a href=\"https:\/\/teachingcommons.yorku.ca\/the-game-of-social-life-poverty-simulation\/\"><span class=\"s2\">The Game of Social Life, Poverty Simulation<\/span><\/a>, the two started communicating. When the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ecampusontario.ca\/\"><span class=\"s2\">eCampus Ontario<\/span><\/a> call for proposals for open resources appeared, they put these ideas on paper for the research and creation of the online <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/openlearning\/projects\/food-security-quest\/play\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Food Security Quest<\/span><\/a> simulation game.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Publishing the Food Security Quest game as an open resource was a great way to share an educational tool promoting greater understanding of food security in Ontario with a wide audience. When teaching large classes, textbooks and lecturing alone cannot teach students the reality of broader social contexts, such as poverty and food insecurity. In addition, these are sensitive issues and many students who have experienced food insecurity may not feel comfortable self-identifying. A simulation game such as the Food Security Quest enables students to choose the characters they want to play, make decisions for their characters, and face the consequences of such decisions.<\/span><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><span style=\"text-align: initial;font-size: 1em\"><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<div>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Andrea has been consistently using the game in her online and face-to-face courses. From the feedback received so far, students have enjoyed and engaged with it. Some students commented that they didn\u2019t realize that food insecurity could be so difficult to deal with, and have demonstrated through their course assessments that they have gained empathy for those experiencing it. These students are now able to connect with an experience that is at the same time separate from their usual life but also close and personal.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The Food Security Quest game shares information about food security in Ontario and also mobilizes students to care about it.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The game is also accompanied by an<a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/content\/dam\/openlearning\/foodsecurity\/Food-Security-Quest-Instructor-Guide.pdf\"> <span class=\"s2\">instructor guide<\/span><\/a> to help other university instructors effectively incorporate the resource into their curriculum.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"mceTemp\">\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity-300x237.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"356\" height=\"281\" class=\"wp-image-104  aligncenter\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity-300x237.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity-65x51.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity-225x178.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity-350x277.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/104\/2020\/01\/Logofoodsecurity.png 475w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 356px) 100vw, 356px\" \/><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">The development of the game was a large undertaking that took a lot of different people and skills to finish. \u201cWhen we started, there was no methodology to follow,\u201d said Andrea. The creative team was mostly composed of students who met bi-weekly for one year to share results about their research, character development, and the structure of the game. The later stages in the development of the game also benefitted from the support of a number of members from the Ryerson <a href=\"https:\/\/library.ryerson.ca\/collab\/\"><span class=\"s2\">Collaboratory<\/span><\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/library.ryerson.ca\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Library<\/span><\/a>, and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/centre-for-excellence-in-learning-and-teaching\/\"><span class=\"s3\">Centre for Excellence in Learning and Teaching<\/span><\/a>. From making sure the game was accessible and beautiful to creating the website that houses the game, many brains and hands were involved. <\/span><\/p>\n<h2>Learning from Open<\/h2>\n<p><span class=\"pullquote-right\">&#8220;Learning should be fun!&#8221;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Andrea finds that the game is both exciting and interesting to students, as well as an effective tool to reach her learning outcomes. However, the reach of the game goes beyond Andrea\u2019s students. Both Andrea and Kosha promoted the game in conferences and professional mailing lists to make sure other communities, organizations, and educational institutions in Canada knew about the game. Although the focus of Food Security Quest is about food insecurity in Ontario, the game is accessible on the web for anyone. The open license means it can be updated, challenged, or expanded for use anywhere in the world.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">As for the future of Andrea\u2019s involvement with open, she is hoping to create a geo-caching style game where students need to engage in the world around them and check-in to different food locations, learning something about each location as they go. \u201cAfter you do one, you want to do more,\u201d argues Andrea.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The creative process of building an open resource can be very stimulating, and there are challenges, too.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">Student involvement in a project like this is essential to make it meaningful but it is not always easy to get funds to support their work.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>The competition for funds could be even harder for contract faculty like Andrea.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0<\/span>In addition there are fewer opportunities and re<sub>s<\/sub>ources that recognize the time contract faculty spend on developing such projects. It is important to give recognition to the instructors who are spending their time on this, such as financial support. These projects matter to students and the community in the long run.<\/span><\/p>\n<div class=\"textbox textbox--examples\">\n<header class=\"textbox__header\">\n<p class=\"textbox__title\"><span style=\"color: #ffffff\">Advice for Other Faculty<\/span><\/p>\n<\/header>\n<div class=\"textbox__content\">\n<ul>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s1\"><\/span><span class=\"s2\">Choose your partners carefully, it is not easy to co-manage a project\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Create a common vision. What do you want to build? Why? How?<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Find the learning gaps and challenges, then fill them using a creative solution that excites you. This is your ultimate reward!<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Engage students with your project and listen to their ideas. Students often know what works and what doesn\u2019t.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Ask for help when you need it. The generosity of people at Ryerson is amazing.<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Make sure you are respecting everyone involved<\/span><\/li>\n<li class=\"li1\"><span class=\"s2\">Have fun!<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2>Epilogue<\/h2>\n<p><em>From Andrea:\u00a0 <\/em><span class=\"s1\">It can be a lot of work to create an open resource, and it is not always easy. However, with an open mind, a supporting community and engaged students this can be a very rewarding project.<span class=\"Apple-converted-space\">\u00a0 \u00a0<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p><sub>Credits: <em>Game by Adrien Coquet from the Noun Project, CC-BY.<\/em><\/sub><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p><sup>Logo of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ryerson.ca\/openlearning\/projects\/food-security-quest\/play\/\">Food Security Quest<\/a> game by Ryerson University licensed under <a rel=\"license\" href=\"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/\">Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License<\/a><span>. Ryerson University logos and the Ryerson University name are trademarks of Ryerson University, registered in Canada and other countries, and are excluded from Creative Commons licensing.<\/span><\/sup><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":152,"menu_order":3,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-36","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/36","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/152"}],"version-history":[{"count":28,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/36\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":256,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/36\/revisions\/256"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/36\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=36"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=36"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=36"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/openmoments\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=36"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}