{"id":25,"date":"2020-07-11T14:46:03","date_gmt":"2020-07-11T18:46:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/chapter\/__unknown__\/"},"modified":"2023-01-09T09:43:15","modified_gmt":"2023-01-09T14:43:15","slug":"tutorial1","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/chapter\/tutorial1\/","title":{"raw":"Tutorial 1 \u2022 Overview of Photoshop","rendered":"Tutorial 1 \u2022 Overview of Photoshop"},"content":{"raw":"<h2 class=\"import-ListBullet\">The Photoshop Workspace<\/h2>\r\nBefore we get into the specific tools found in Photoshop, let\u2019s look at the Photoshop Workspace.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_280\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"696\"]<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-1024x762.png\" alt=\"Graphic highlighting where the menu bar, options bar, tools panel, other panels, and document window is located in the Photoshop user interface.\" width=\"696\" height=\"518\" class=\"wp-image-280\" \/> Photoshop interface[\/caption]\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Launch Photoshop.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Create a new file that is 8\u00d710\" and 300 ppi in the RGB colour mode.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Let\u2019s look at the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Menu bar<\/strong> - This shows File, Edit, Image, and other menus that will allow you to execute various commands, adjustments, and the enabling of panels.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Options bar<\/strong> - Displays options for the specific tool that you are currently using.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Tools panel<\/strong> - These are the tools that you can use for editing images. Similar tools are grouped together and can be found by clicking and holding a tool in the panel.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Panels<\/strong> - These are other panels that contain various controls when working in Photoshop.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Document Window<\/strong> - This is the space where you are currently working in.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\nThere are three main features that Photoshop is known for:\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li><strong>Selection<\/strong> - The ability to select certain pixels in an image.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Layers<\/strong> - These are similar to transparent sheets stacked on top of each other. Through the transparent areas, you can see the layers below. If you'd like to adjust which layers appear before the others, you can change the order of the layers.<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Masking<\/strong> - This allows you to hide or reveal parts of an image without destructing or erasing the image. Masking is an important part of non-destructive editing which will be used throughout the course.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Editing Non-Destructively<\/h2>\r\nNon-destructive editing is a valuable tool in Photoshop, enabling you to edit images without changing the original. You can then go back to a previous state, make changes easily, and show what you have done.\r\n\r\nTools of non-destructive editing include the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li><strong>Layers<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Layer Masks -<\/strong> When attached to Layers, selectively hide or show the Layer<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Layer Effects<\/strong> - Applies special effects to Layers<\/li>\r\n \t<li><strong>Duplication of Layers -<\/strong> Editing the duplicate, and leaving the original untouched.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Applying tools to a Layer with \u201cSample All Layers\u201d checked; applies the edit to the Layer on top, not to the original<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nThe figure below shows how Layers and Layer Masks work.\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_221\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask.jpg\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-1024x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" \/><\/a> Layers and Layer Masks are important tools in non-destructive image editing. In this example, an opaque white layer sits on top of a red layer. The mask attached to the white layer selectively hides (black triangle) and shows (white triangle) the white layer.[\/caption]\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2 class=\"import-ListBullet\">File Organization<\/h2>\r\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\">File organization is very important, especially for image editing where there can be several renditions \u2013 or versions \u2013 of the same image at varying stages of editing.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Naming conventions. <\/strong>When working with images that will be edited in Photoshop, use names that are short and descriptive. In all cases, it\u2019s best to avoid spaces and special characters in file names. For example, spaces should be avoided because, on the web, spaces confuse the server and have to be replaced by \u201c%20\u201d as filler characters. In place of spaces, use hyphen or underscore. Other illegal characters include most symbols (e.g. #$@) and slashes.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\">It is highly recommended that images that have more than one version are given version numbers that ascend numerically to indicate which photo is the most current. In addition, the final image should be tagged with the word \u201cfinal\u201d in the name.<\/p>\r\n&nbsp;\r\n\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_23\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"312\"]<a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3.png\"><img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-270x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23\" width=\"312\" height=\"347\" \/><\/a> Suggested file organization for print and web pages.[\/caption]\r\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Folder Structure<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> In addition to diligent naming conventions, a good folder structure is also very important to help keep things organized. It is recommended that you come up with a master folder structure, and use that master folder structure on all your jobs to ensure consistency.<\/p>\r\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Create a \u201cMaster File Structure\u201d Folder<\/strong><\/p>\r\n\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">On the Mac, navigate to your USB drive.<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Inside your USB drive, create a folder named \u201c<strong>GCM_738_Winter_2023<\/strong>\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Inside the \u201c<strong>GCM_738__Winter_2023<\/strong>\u201d folder, create a folder named \u201c<strong>GCM_738_Master_Folder_Structure<\/strong>\u201d<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Within the \u201c<strong>GCM_738_Master_Folder_Structure<\/strong>\u201d folder, create the following folders:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">01_Original_Images<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">02_Altered_Images<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">03_Working_Photoshop_Files<\/li>\r\n \t<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">04_Final_Images<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n<h2>Selection, Masking, and Layers in Action!<\/h2>\r\nIn this short exercise, we will replace the sky of an image using Photoshop\u2019s key features of selection, masking and layers.\r\n<ol>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Open the tutorial file named <strong>GCM_738_Tutorial_01_Exercise.psd<\/strong>.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the <strong>Rectangular Marquee Tool<\/strong> and create a rectangular selection anywhere on the image.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the <strong>Move Tool<\/strong> to move the selection.\u00a0 This is how you can select and move pixels in your image.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Undo this move by pressing <strong>Cmd + Z<\/strong> or <strong>Ctrl + Z<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">To deselect the section, press <strong>Cmd + D<\/strong> or <strong>Ctrl + D<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now let\u2019s try to select the sky using different selection tools.\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Lasso Tool<\/strong> -\u00a0 allows you to make freehand selections.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Polygonal Lasso Tool<\/strong> - allows you to make a selection by connecting straight lines.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Magnetic Lasso Tool<\/strong> - allows you to make a selection by snapping to edges in an image as you drag.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Object Selection Tool<\/strong> - allows you to select an object within a defined region.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Magic Wand Tool<\/strong> -\u00a0selects an area based on its colour. This works well for solid colours.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Quick Selection Tool<\/strong> - allows you to make a selection by finding and following the edges of an image.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can also select using the <strong>Menu Bar<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Click on <strong>Select<\/strong> in the <strong>Menu Bar<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">You have the ability to select a <strong>Focus Area, Subject, or Sky<\/strong><\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Photoshop will then select those areas for you using artificial intelligence<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Notice that when we select <strong>Sky<\/strong>, some of the sky is also selected in the window. The artificial intelligence is good but not always perfect.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">For this exercise, we will select the sky using the quick selection tool or the object selection tool.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the <strong>quick selection tool<\/strong> selected, change the brush size in the <strong>Options Bar<\/strong> to about 150 px and select the sky area.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once the selection is made, in the Menu Bar, go to <strong>Layer \u2192\u00a0 Layer Mask \u2192 Hide Selection<\/strong>\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Notice that the sky is now gone because a layer mask has been created. The pixels are hidden but not erased or deleted. If we wanted to bring back the sky, we could easily do so. This is non-destructive editing.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Drag and drop the image of the new sky into the Photoshop file.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the<strong> Layers Panel<\/strong>, drag the new sky below the original image.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using the <strong>Move Tool<\/strong>, resize the sky to fit appropriately in the background.<\/li>\r\n<\/ol>\r\n[caption id=\"attachment_317\" align=\"aligncenter\" width=\"1024\"]<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"Before and after demonstration of image editing\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" class=\"wp-image-317 size-large\" \/> This is a very simple way that demonstrates how you can use Photoshop\u2019s key features to edit an image and replace a sky[\/caption]\r\n\r\nPhoto by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@itsharryshelton?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Harry Shelton<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/building?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash <em>[New Window]<\/em><\/a>\r\n\r\nPhoto by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@ndvn?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Andre Iv<\/a> on <em><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/sky?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash [New Window]<\/a><\/em>\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7yvlV-ULFgk[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<em>Video created by Afrah Usman.<\/em>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h2>Publishing Your Images<\/h2>\r\n<h3>File Formats<\/h3>\r\nAfter retouching your images in Photoshop, you may wish to publish them in a variety of media\u2014magazines, posters, books, eBooks and their covers, and web pages. Each type of media requires a different file format and resolution. Printed images should be in Photoshop (.psd), TIFF (.tif), or JPEG (.jpg) format, while images for eBooks, web pages, and social media should be in JPEG, PNG (.png), or GIF (.gif) format.\r\n\r\n&nbsp;\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;margin: 0px auto;width: 630px;height: 270px\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th style=\"width: 615.09375px\" colspan=\"5\">Image File Formats<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"font-style: italic;background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>Format<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\"><strong>Compressed<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\"><strong>Transparency<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\"><strong>Print\/Web<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>PSD<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Photoshop<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">No<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">not needed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">print<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>TIFF<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Tagged Image File Format<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Optional<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">not needed<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">print<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>JPEG<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Joint Photographic Experts Group<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">No<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">print, web<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>PNG<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Portable Network Graphic<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">Yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">web<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>GIF<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Graphic Interchange Format<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">Yes<\/td>\r\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">web<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td style=\"width: 615.09375px\" colspan=\"5\">Notes\r\n1 \u00a0Transparency refers to making the background clear for use in web and eBooks.\r\n2 \u00a0Web formats also apply to eBooks.<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\nUse <strong>File \u2192<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Save As <\/strong>to save PSD and TIFF files for print.\r\n\r\nUse <strong>File \u2192<\/strong> <strong>Export \u2192 Export As...<\/strong> for saving JPEG, PNG, and GIF images for web.\r\n\r\n<img src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-1024x666.png\" alt=\"Screen capture of Exporting panel on Photoshop. The edited image with the blue sky is about to be exported as a JPG file.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-284 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" \/>\r\n\r\n<hr \/>\r\n\r\n<h3>Making a Printed Magazine Cover, Book Cover, or Poster<\/h3>\r\nCovers of print books, along with posters, are best made in Adobe Illustrator (for single pages) or Adobe InDesign (single- and multi-page documents). The New Document dialog box in InDesign offers options for page size, automatic text frame, facing pages, and bleed:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>The automatic text frame, which is useful if your book includes a lot of type, will create new pages to accommodate the type; not necessary for single-page documents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Facing pages is useful for print books where you want different layouts for left- and right-hand pages; usually not necessary for single-page documents.<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Bleed (usually 1\/8\" or 0.3175cm) is necessary if your page has color printing up to the edge; the page will be printed on larger paper and trimmed to final size.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;margin: 0 auto\">\r\n<tbody>\r\n<tr>\r\n<th colspan=\"3\">Image Requirements for Publications<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"font-style: italic;background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td><strong>Publication Type<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Image Resolution<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td><strong>Document<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Magazine Cover\/Full Page<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>300ppi<\/td>\r\n<td>InDesign or Illustrator\r\nU.S. Letter or A4 (8\u00bd\u00d711\" or 210\u00d7297cm)\r\nAutomatic Text Frame: No\r\nFacing Pages: No\r\nBleed \u215b\" (0.125\") or 0.3175cm if color to edge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td><strong>Book Cover\/Full Page<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>300ppi<\/td>\r\n<td>InDesign or Illustrator\r\nU.S. Letter or A4 (81\/2\u00d711\" or 210\u00d7297cm)\r\nAutomatic Text Frame: No\r\nFacing Pages: No\r\nBleed: \u215b\" (0.125\") or 0.3175cm if color to edge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Poster<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>300ppi<\/td>\r\n<td>InDesign or Illustrator\r\nU.S. Tabloid or A3 (11\u00d717\" or 297\u00d7420cm)\r\nAutomatic Text Frame: No\r\nFacing Pages: No\r\nBleed: \u215b\" (0.125\") or 0.3175cm if color to edge<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\r\n<td><strong>eBook<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>144ppi<\/td>\r\n<td>InDesign\r\n384\u00d7512px\r\nAutomatic Text Frame: Yes\r\nFacing Pages: No\r\nBleed: none\r\nSave cover separately in JPEG format<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<tr>\r\n<td><strong>Web Page<\/strong><\/td>\r\n<td>72ppi<\/td>\r\n<td>Dreamweaver or HTML editor\r\nHTML page\r\n&lt;img&gt; tag for image\r\nCSS specification for width and height<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n<h2><\/h2>","rendered":"<h2 class=\"import-ListBullet\">The Photoshop Workspace<\/h2>\n<p>Before we get into the specific tools found in Photoshop, let\u2019s look at the Photoshop Workspace.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_280\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-280\" style=\"width: 696px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-1024x762.png\" alt=\"Graphic highlighting where the menu bar, options bar, tools panel, other panels, and document window is located in the Photoshop user interface.\" width=\"696\" height=\"518\" class=\"wp-image-280\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-1024x762.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-1536x1143.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-2048x1524.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-65x48.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-225x167.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Photoshop-Interface-01-350x260.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 696px) 100vw, 696px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-280\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Photoshop interface<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Launch Photoshop.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Create a new file that is 8\u00d710&#8243; and 300 ppi in the RGB colour mode.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Let\u2019s look at the following:\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Menu bar<\/strong> &#8211; This shows File, Edit, Image, and other menus that will allow you to execute various commands, adjustments, and the enabling of panels.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Options bar<\/strong> &#8211; Displays options for the specific tool that you are currently using.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Tools panel<\/strong> &#8211; These are the tools that you can use for editing images. Similar tools are grouped together and can be found by clicking and holding a tool in the panel.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Panels<\/strong> &#8211; These are other panels that contain various controls when working in Photoshop.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Document Window<\/strong> &#8211; This is the space where you are currently working in.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>There are three main features that Photoshop is known for:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Selection<\/strong> &#8211; The ability to select certain pixels in an image.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Layers<\/strong> &#8211; These are similar to transparent sheets stacked on top of each other. Through the transparent areas, you can see the layers below. If you&#8217;d like to adjust which layers appear before the others, you can change the order of the layers.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Masking<\/strong> &#8211; This allows you to hide or reveal parts of an image without destructing or erasing the image. Masking is an important part of non-destructive editing which will be used throughout the course.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Editing Non-Destructively<\/h2>\n<p>Non-destructive editing is a valuable tool in Photoshop, enabling you to edit images without changing the original. You can then go back to a previous state, make changes easily, and show what you have done.<\/p>\n<p>Tools of non-destructive editing include the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Layers<\/strong><\/li>\n<li><strong>Layer Masks &#8211;<\/strong> When attached to Layers, selectively hide or show the Layer<\/li>\n<li><strong>Layer Effects<\/strong> &#8211; Applies special effects to Layers<\/li>\n<li><strong>Duplication of Layers &#8211;<\/strong> Editing the duplicate, and leaving the original untouched.<\/li>\n<li>Applying tools to a Layer with \u201cSample All Layers\u201d checked; applies the edit to the Layer on top, not to the original<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The figure below shows how Layers and Layer Masks work.<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_221\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-221\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask.jpg\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-1024x612.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-221 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"612\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-1024x612.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-300x179.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-768x459.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-1536x918.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-65x39.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-225x134.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask-350x209.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/layer-mask.jpg 2048w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-221\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Layers and Layer Masks are important tools in non-destructive image editing. In this example, an opaque white layer sits on top of a red layer. The mask attached to the white layer selectively hides (black triangle) and shows (white triangle) the white layer.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<hr \/>\n<h2 class=\"import-ListBullet\">File Organization<\/h2>\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\">File organization is very important, especially for image editing where there can be several renditions \u2013 or versions \u2013 of the same image at varying stages of editing.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Naming conventions. <\/strong>When working with images that will be edited in Photoshop, use names that are short and descriptive. In all cases, it\u2019s best to avoid spaces and special characters in file names. For example, spaces should be avoided because, on the web, spaces confuse the server and have to be replaced by \u201c%20\u201d as filler characters. In place of spaces, use hyphen or underscore. Other illegal characters include most symbols (e.g. #$@) and slashes.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\">It is highly recommended that images that have more than one version are given version numbers that ascend numerically to indicate which photo is the most current. In addition, the final image should be tagged with the word \u201cfinal\u201d in the name.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_23\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-23\" style=\"width: 312px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-270x300.png\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-23\" width=\"312\" height=\"347\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-270x300.png 270w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-921x1024.png 921w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-768x854.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-65x72.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-225x250.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3-350x389.png 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/image3.png 1047w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 312px) 100vw, 312px\" \/><\/a><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-23\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Suggested file organization for print and web pages.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Folder Structure<\/strong><strong>.<\/strong> In addition to diligent naming conventions, a good folder structure is also very important to help keep things organized. It is recommended that you come up with a master folder structure, and use that master folder structure on all your jobs to ensure consistency.<\/p>\n<p class=\"import-ListBullet\"><strong>Create a \u201cMaster File Structure\u201d Folder<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">On the Mac, navigate to your USB drive.<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Inside your USB drive, create a folder named \u201c<strong>GCM_738_Winter_2023<\/strong>\u201d<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Inside the \u201c<strong>GCM_738__Winter_2023<\/strong>\u201d folder, create a folder named \u201c<strong>GCM_738_Master_Folder_Structure<\/strong>\u201d<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">Within the \u201c<strong>GCM_738_Master_Folder_Structure<\/strong>\u201d folder, create the following folders:\n<ul>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">01_Original_Images<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">02_Altered_Images<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">03_Working_Photoshop_Files<\/li>\n<li class=\"import-ListBullet\">04_Final_Images<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2>Selection, Masking, and Layers in Action!<\/h2>\n<p>In this short exercise, we will replace the sky of an image using Photoshop\u2019s key features of selection, masking and layers.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Open the tutorial file named <strong>GCM_738_Tutorial_01_Exercise.psd<\/strong>.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the <strong>Rectangular Marquee Tool<\/strong> and create a rectangular selection anywhere on the image.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Select the <strong>Move Tool<\/strong> to move the selection.\u00a0 This is how you can select and move pixels in your image.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Undo this move by pressing <strong>Cmd + Z<\/strong> or <strong>Ctrl + Z<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">To deselect the section, press <strong>Cmd + D<\/strong> or <strong>Ctrl + D<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Now let\u2019s try to select the sky using different selection tools.\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Lasso Tool<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0 allows you to make freehand selections.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Polygonal Lasso Tool<\/strong> &#8211; allows you to make a selection by connecting straight lines.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Magnetic Lasso Tool<\/strong> &#8211; allows you to make a selection by snapping to edges in an image as you drag.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Object Selection Tool<\/strong> &#8211; allows you to select an object within a defined region.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Magic Wand Tool<\/strong> &#8211;\u00a0selects an area based on its colour. This works well for solid colours.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\"><strong>Quick Selection Tool<\/strong> &#8211; allows you to make a selection by finding and following the edges of an image.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">You can also select using the <strong>Menu Bar<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Click on <strong>Select<\/strong> in the <strong>Menu Bar<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">You have the ability to select a <strong>Focus Area, Subject, or Sky<\/strong><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Photoshop will then select those areas for you using artificial intelligence<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Notice that when we select <strong>Sky<\/strong>, some of the sky is also selected in the window. The artificial intelligence is good but not always perfect.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">For this exercise, we will select the sky using the quick selection tool or the object selection tool.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">With the <strong>quick selection tool<\/strong> selected, change the brush size in the <strong>Options Bar<\/strong> to about 150 px and select the sky area.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Once the selection is made, in the Menu Bar, go to <strong>Layer \u2192\u00a0 Layer Mask \u2192 Hide Selection<\/strong>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Notice that the sky is now gone because a layer mask has been created. The pixels are hidden but not erased or deleted. If we wanted to bring back the sky, we could easily do so. This is non-destructive editing.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Drag and drop the image of the new sky into the Photoshop file.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">In the<strong> Layers Panel<\/strong>, drag the new sky below the original image.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Using the <strong>Move Tool<\/strong>, resize the sky to fit appropriately in the background.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<figure id=\"attachment_317\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-317\" style=\"width: 1024px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-1024x480.jpg\" alt=\"Before and after demonstration of image editing\" width=\"1024\" height=\"480\" class=\"wp-image-317 size-large\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-1024x480.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-300x140.jpg 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-768x360.jpg 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-1536x719.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-65x30.jpg 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-225x105.jpg 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2-350x164.jpg 350w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Sem-titulo-2.jpg 1640w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-317\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">This is a very simple way that demonstrates how you can use Photoshop\u2019s key features to edit an image and replace a sky<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@itsharryshelton?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Harry Shelton<\/a> on <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/building?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash <em>[New Window]<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n<p>Photo by <a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/@ndvn?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Andre Iv<\/a> on <em><a href=\"https:\/\/unsplash.com\/s\/photos\/sky?utm_source=unsplash&amp;utm_medium=referral&amp;utm_content=creditCopyText\">Unsplash [New Window]<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Tutorial 1\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/7yvlV-ULFgk?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><em>Video created by Afrah Usman.<\/em><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Publishing Your Images<\/h2>\n<h3>File Formats<\/h3>\n<p>After retouching your images in Photoshop, you may wish to publish them in a variety of media\u2014magazines, posters, books, eBooks and their covers, and web pages. Each type of media requires a different file format and resolution. Printed images should be in Photoshop (.psd), TIFF (.tif), or JPEG (.jpg) format, while images for eBooks, web pages, and social media should be in JPEG, PNG (.png), or GIF (.gif) format.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;margin: 0px auto;width: 630px;height: 270px\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th style=\"width: 615.09375px\" colspan=\"5\">Image File Formats<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"font-style: italic;background: whitesmoke\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>Format<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\"><strong>Description<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\"><strong>Compressed<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\"><strong>Transparency<sup>1<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\"><strong>Print\/Web<sup>2<\/sup><\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>PSD<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Photoshop<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">not needed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">print<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>TIFF<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Tagged Image File Format<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Optional<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">not needed<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">print<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>JPEG<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Joint Photographic Experts Group<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">No<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">print, web<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>PNG<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Portable Network Graphic<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">web<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td style=\"width: 58.734375px\"><strong>GIF<\/strong><\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 198.421875px\">Graphic Interchange Format<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 90.09375px\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 107.8125px\">Yes<\/td>\n<td style=\"width: 108.28125px\">web<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\n<td style=\"width: 615.09375px\" colspan=\"5\">Notes<br \/>\n1 \u00a0Transparency refers to making the background clear for use in web and eBooks.<br \/>\n2 \u00a0Web formats also apply to eBooks.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Use <strong>File \u2192<\/strong>\u00a0<strong>Save As <\/strong>to save PSD and TIFF files for print.<\/p>\n<p>Use <strong>File \u2192<\/strong> <strong>Export \u2192 Export As&#8230;<\/strong> for saving JPEG, PNG, and GIF images for web.<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-1024x666.png\" alt=\"Screen capture of Exporting panel on Photoshop. The edited image with the blue sky is about to be exported as a JPG file.\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-284 size-large\" width=\"1024\" height=\"666\" srcset=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-1024x666.png 1024w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-300x195.png 300w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-768x500.png 768w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-1536x999.png 1536w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-2048x1332.png 2048w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-65x42.png 65w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-225x146.png 225w, https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/128\/2020\/07\/Screen-Shot-2021-06-09-at-5.46.00-PM-350x228.png 350w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>Making a Printed Magazine Cover, Book Cover, or Poster<\/h3>\n<p>Covers of print books, along with posters, are best made in Adobe Illustrator (for single pages) or Adobe InDesign (single- and multi-page documents). The New Document dialog box in InDesign offers options for page size, automatic text frame, facing pages, and bleed:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The automatic text frame, which is useful if your book includes a lot of type, will create new pages to accommodate the type; not necessary for single-page documents.<\/li>\n<li>Facing pages is useful for print books where you want different layouts for left- and right-hand pages; usually not necessary for single-page documents.<\/li>\n<li>Bleed (usually 1\/8&#8243; or 0.3175cm) is necessary if your page has color printing up to the edge; the page will be printed on larger paper and trimmed to final size.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table style=\"border-collapse: collapse;margin: 0 auto\">\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<th colspan=\"3\">Image Requirements for Publications<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"font-style: italic;background: whitesmoke\">\n<td><strong>Publication Type<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Image Resolution<\/strong><\/td>\n<td><strong>Document<\/strong><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Magazine Cover\/Full Page<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>300ppi<\/td>\n<td>InDesign or Illustrator<br \/>\nU.S. Letter or A4 (8\u00bd\u00d711&#8243; or 210\u00d7297cm)<br \/>\nAutomatic Text Frame: No<br \/>\nFacing Pages: No<br \/>\nBleed \u215b&#8221; (0.125&#8243;) or 0.3175cm if color to edge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\n<td><strong>Book Cover\/Full Page<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>300ppi<\/td>\n<td>InDesign or Illustrator<br \/>\nU.S. Letter or A4 (81\/2\u00d711&#8243; or 210\u00d7297cm)<br \/>\nAutomatic Text Frame: No<br \/>\nFacing Pages: No<br \/>\nBleed: \u215b&#8221; (0.125&#8243;) or 0.3175cm if color to edge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Poster<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>300ppi<\/td>\n<td>InDesign or Illustrator<br \/>\nU.S. Tabloid or A3 (11\u00d717&#8243; or 297\u00d7420cm)<br \/>\nAutomatic Text Frame: No<br \/>\nFacing Pages: No<br \/>\nBleed: \u215b&#8221; (0.125&#8243;) or 0.3175cm if color to edge<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr style=\"background: whitesmoke\">\n<td><strong>eBook<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>144ppi<\/td>\n<td>InDesign<br \/>\n384\u00d7512px<br \/>\nAutomatic Text Frame: Yes<br \/>\nFacing Pages: No<br \/>\nBleed: none<br \/>\nSave cover separately in JPEG format<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Web Page<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>72ppi<\/td>\n<td>Dreamweaver or HTML editor<br \/>\nHTML page<br \/>\n&lt;img&gt; tag for image<br \/>\nCSS specification for width and height<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2><\/h2>\n","protected":false},"author":6,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-25","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":3,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/6"}],"version-history":[{"count":70,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":366,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/revisions\/366"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/3"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/25\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=25"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/photoshopped\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=25"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}