{"id":281,"date":"2019-07-01T19:26:32","date_gmt":"2019-07-01T19:26:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/scholarlywriting\/?post_type=chapter&p=281"},"modified":"2021-03-25T18:16:03","modified_gmt":"2021-03-25T18:16:03","slug":"other-grammar-and-style-tips","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/chapter\/other-grammar-and-style-tips\/","title":{"raw":"Other Grammar and Style Tips","rendered":"Other Grammar and Style Tips"},"content":{"raw":"

You probably learned a lot about grammar and style rules before entering post-secondary school. Clauses, contractions, modifiers, comma splice \u2013 is this sounding familiar? <\/span><\/p>\r\n

This section reviews some common errors that instructors see in papers written by nursing students. Check out Table 5.5\u00a0<\/b>for some of the common errors made in writing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b>Table 5.5: <\/span><\/b>Common grammar errors<\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n\r\n
Common errors<\/th>\r\nExample<\/th>\r\nCorrection<\/th>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n
\r\n

Contraction use:<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>Two words that are combined with an apostrophe \u2013 should be avoided in scholarly writing<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

It\u2019s best to evaluate the physical environment of the home prior to hospital discharge for clients with complex care needs and limitations in physical mobility.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

It is best to evaluate the physical environment of the home prior to hospital discharge for clients with complex care needs and limitations in physical mobility.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Excessive modifiers\/descriptors: <\/span><\/b>These are adjectives and adverbs that describe nouns and verbs \u2013 excessive use of these words to describe something that is already descriptive is distracting to the reader. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

These nursing interventions were extremely effective.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The client was quite upset after receiving the diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

**Avoid use of words such as very, quite, and extremely.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

These nursing interventions were effective.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

The client was upset after receiving the diagnosis.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Semi-colon use: <\/span><\/b>A semi-colon is used to connect two closely related independent clauses (group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence). Semi-colons are also used to separate items in a long list.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

RN prescribing has a potential to increase access to care; as well as increase healthcare system efficiencies.<\/p>\r\n

Examples of determinants of health include; income; education, gender, culture.<\/p>\r\n**Note: the words after the semi-colon do not form a complete clause.<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

RN prescribing has a potential to increase access to care; this shift in practice can also increase healthcare system efficiencies.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Examples of determinants of health include: income; education; gender; and culture.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Omission of listing comma: <\/strong>This comma is used to separate the items in a list of two or more. (The comma that comes before the final item is called the Oxford comma, and it is typically used in academic writing.)<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Common areas of study in year one nursing include writing, therapeutic communication and biology.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Common areas of study in year one nursing include writing, therapeutic communication, and biology.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Comma splice: <\/span><\/b>Two independent clauses (i.e., complete sentences) joined with a comma.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

It is important for clients to receive sufficient sleep, researchers have found that lack of sleep has been shown to slow healing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

It is important for clients to receive sufficient sleep. Researchers have found that lack of sleep has been shown to slow healing.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Run-on sentence: <\/span><\/b>Two independent clauses joined with no intervening punctuation (i.e., run together).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Clients who are at risk for premature death due to risky health behaviours such as unprotected sex and illegal drug use may benefit from attending nurse and peer facilitated health promotion programs because these programs can provide opportunities for clients to receive support from nurses and for clients to speak with other clients who have had similar experiences.<\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Clients who engage in risky health behaviours such as unprotected sex and illegal drug use are at risk of premature death. These clients may benefit from attending nurse and peer facilitated health promotion programs. These types of programs provide opportunities for clients to receive support from nurses and for clients to speak with other clients who have had similar experiences.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Verb form or verb tense error<\/span><\/b>: <\/span>A verb that is in the incorrect form or in the incorrect tense.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

The nurse speaked with the client\u2019s family.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

The nurse spoke with the client\u2019s family.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Wrong preposition: <\/span><\/b>The preposition chosen is incorrect.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

The nurse gave instructions for the client.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

The nurse gave instructions to the client.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n

\r\n

Apostrophe error: <\/span><\/b>Using an apostrophe when one isn\u2019t needed, or leaving out the apostrophe when it is needed, or putting the apostrophe in the incorrect place.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Nurse\u2019s are integral to the healthcare system.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nurse\u2019s philosophy of care is central to how they practice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n

\r\n

Nurses are integral to the healthcare system.<\/span><\/p>\r\n

Nurses\u2019 philosophy of care is central to how they practice.<\/span><\/p>\r\n<\/td>\r\n<\/tr>\r\n<\/tbody>\r\n<\/table>\r\n \r\n

\r\n

Student Tip<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/header>\r\n

\r\n\r\nEmphasis of words<\/span><\/b>\r\n

When emphasis is required for a word or short phrase or to introduce an important term, do not bold the word and do not place single quotation marks around it. Rather, APA (2020) indicates to use italics if needed. But usually, the syntax of the sentence is sufficient to emphasize a word or introduce an important term.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\r\n\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n \r\n\r\n

\r\n\r\n

Attribution statement<\/h2>\r\nDescriptions of the last six common errors were adapted from (with editorial changes):\r\n\r\nThe Word on College Reading and Writing<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Carol Burnell, Jaime Wood, Monique Babin, Susan Pesznecker, and Nicole Rosevear, licensed under a\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.Download for free at: https:\/\/openoregon.pressbooks.pub\/wrd\/<\/a>","rendered":"

You probably learned a lot about grammar and style rules before entering post-secondary school. Clauses, contractions, modifiers, comma splice \u2013 is this sounding familiar? <\/span><\/p>\n

This section reviews some common errors that instructors see in papers written by nursing students. Check out Table 5.5\u00a0<\/b>for some of the common errors made in writing.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u00a0<\/span><\/b>Table 5.5: <\/span><\/b>Common grammar errors<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
Common errors<\/th>\nExample<\/th>\nCorrection<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n
\n

Contraction use:<\/span><\/b> <\/span><\/b>Two words that are combined with an apostrophe \u2013 should be avoided in scholarly writing<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

It\u2019s best to evaluate the physical environment of the home prior to hospital discharge for clients with complex care needs and limitations in physical mobility.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

It is best to evaluate the physical environment of the home prior to hospital discharge for clients with complex care needs and limitations in physical mobility.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Excessive modifiers\/descriptors: <\/span><\/b>These are adjectives and adverbs that describe nouns and verbs \u2013 excessive use of these words to describe something that is already descriptive is distracting to the reader. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

These nursing interventions were extremely effective.<\/span><\/p>\n

The client was quite upset after receiving the diagnosis.<\/span><\/p>\n

**Avoid use of words such as very, quite, and extremely.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

These nursing interventions were effective.<\/span><\/p>\n

The client was upset after receiving the diagnosis.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Semi-colon use: <\/span><\/b>A semi-colon is used to connect two closely related independent clauses (group of words that can stand alone as a complete sentence). Semi-colons are also used to separate items in a long list.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

RN prescribing has a potential to increase access to care; as well as increase healthcare system efficiencies.<\/p>\n

Examples of determinants of health include; income; education, gender, culture.<\/p>\n

**Note: the words after the semi-colon do not form a complete clause.<\/td>\n

\n

RN prescribing has a potential to increase access to care; this shift in practice can also increase healthcare system efficiencies.<\/span><\/p>\n

Examples of determinants of health include: income; education; gender; and culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Omission of listing comma: <\/strong>This comma is used to separate the items in a list of two or more. (The comma that comes before the final item is called the Oxford comma, and it is typically used in academic writing.)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Common areas of study in year one nursing include writing, therapeutic communication and biology.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Common areas of study in year one nursing include writing, therapeutic communication, and biology.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Comma splice: <\/span><\/b>Two independent clauses (i.e., complete sentences) joined with a comma.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

It is important for clients to receive sufficient sleep, researchers have found that lack of sleep has been shown to slow healing.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

It is important for clients to receive sufficient sleep. Researchers have found that lack of sleep has been shown to slow healing.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Run-on sentence: <\/span><\/b>Two independent clauses joined with no intervening punctuation (i.e., run together).<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Clients who are at risk for premature death due to risky health behaviours such as unprotected sex and illegal drug use may benefit from attending nurse and peer facilitated health promotion programs because these programs can provide opportunities for clients to receive support from nurses and for clients to speak with other clients who have had similar experiences.<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Clients who engage in risky health behaviours such as unprotected sex and illegal drug use are at risk of premature death. These clients may benefit from attending nurse and peer facilitated health promotion programs. These types of programs provide opportunities for clients to receive support from nurses and for clients to speak with other clients who have had similar experiences.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Verb form or verb tense error<\/span><\/b>: <\/span>A verb that is in the incorrect form or in the incorrect tense.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The nurse speaked with the client\u2019s family.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The nurse spoke with the client\u2019s family.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Wrong preposition: <\/span><\/b>The preposition chosen is incorrect.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The nurse gave instructions for the client.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

The nurse gave instructions to the client.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

\n

Apostrophe error: <\/span><\/b>Using an apostrophe when one isn\u2019t needed, or leaving out the apostrophe when it is needed, or putting the apostrophe in the incorrect place.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nurse\u2019s are integral to the healthcare system.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nurse\u2019s philosophy of care is central to how they practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n

\n

Nurses are integral to the healthcare system.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nurses\u2019 philosophy of care is central to how they practice.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n
\n

Student Tip<\/span><\/b><\/span><\/b><\/p>\n<\/header>\n

\n

Emphasis of words<\/span><\/b><\/p>\n

When emphasis is required for a word or short phrase or to introduce an important term, do not bold the word and do not place single quotation marks around it. Rather, APA (2020) indicates to use italics if needed. But usually, the syntax of the sentence is sufficient to emphasize a word or introduce an important term.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

 <\/p>\n

\n

Attribution statement<\/h2>\n

Descriptions of the last six common errors were adapted from (with editorial changes):<\/p>\n

The Word on College Reading and Writing<\/a>\u00a0by\u00a0Carol Burnell, Jaime Wood, Monique Babin, Susan Pesznecker, and Nicole Rosevear, licensed under a\u00a0Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License<\/a>, except where otherwise noted.Download for free at: https:\/\/openoregon.pressbooks.pub\/wrd\/<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":34,"menu_order":12,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-281","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":137,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/281","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/34"}],"version-history":[{"count":25,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/281\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2239,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/281\/revisions\/2239"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/137"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/281\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=281"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=281"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=281"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/scholarlywriting\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=281"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}