{"id":813,"date":"2019-01-11T16:09:17","date_gmt":"2019-01-11T16:09:17","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/wafd\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=813"},"modified":"2019-11-11T16:40:39","modified_gmt":"2019-11-11T16:40:39","slug":"types-of-disabilities-and-barriers","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/","title":{"raw":"Types of Disabilities and Barriers","rendered":"Types of Disabilities and Barriers"},"content":{"raw":"In order to understand why web accessibility is necessary, it is helpful to have a basic understanding of the range of disabilities and their related barriers with respect to the consumption of web content.\r\n<div style=\"margin: 1em 0; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-left: 10px solid #f66;\"><strong>Key Point:<\/strong> Those who have taken our other courses will have encountered this content already. Read again or skim for a refresher.<\/div>\r\nNot all people with disabilities encounter barriers on the Web, and <strong>those with different types of disabilities encounter different types of barriers<\/strong>. For instance, if a person is in a wheelchair they may encounter no barriers at all in web content. A person who is blind will experience different barriers than a person with limited vision. Different types of disabilities and some of their commonly associated barriers are described here.\r\n\r\nWatch the following video to see how students with disabilities experience the Internet.\r\n\r\n<strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BEFgnYktC7U\" rel=\"noopener\">Experiences of Students with Disabilities<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(1:59)\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/youtu.be\/BEFgnYktC7U[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"small\">\u00a9 Jared Smith. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span>\r\n\r\nIn this video, David Berman talks about types of disabilities and their associated barriers.\r\n\r\n<strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZzZNacNCrbM\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Accessibility Matters: Difficulties and Technologies: Avoiding Tradeoffs<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(9:52)\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=Wl9PGvTDVQ8[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"small\">\u00a9 davidbermancom. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span>\r\n<h2>People Who Are Blind<\/h2>\r\nPeople who are blind tend to face many barriers in web content, given the visual nature of the Web. They will often use a screen reader to access their computer or device and may use a refreshable Braille display to convert text to Braille.\r\n\r\nCommon barriers for this group include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Visual content that has no text alternative<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Functional elements that cannot be controlled with a keyboard<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Overly complex or excessive amounts of content<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Inability to navigate within a page of content<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Content that is not structured<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unexpected actions (e.g., redirect when an element receives focus)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Multimedia without audio description<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nFor a quick look at how a person who is blind might use a screen reader like JAWS to navigate the Web, watch the following video.\r\n\r\n<strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-GPNTctdezg\" rel=\"noopener\">Accessing the web using screen reading software<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(3:07)\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-GPNTctdezg[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"small\">\u00a9 rscnescotland. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span>\r\n<h2>People with Low Vision<\/h2>\r\nPeople with low vision are often able to see web content if it is magnified. They may use a screen magnification program to increase the size and contrast of the content to make it more visible. They are less likely to use a screen reader than a person who is blind, though in some cases they will. People with low vision may rely on the magnification or text customization features in their web browser, or they may install other magnification or text reading software.\r\n\r\nCommon barriers for this group include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Content sized with absolute measures, so it is not resizable<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Images of text that degrade or pixelate when magnified<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Low contrast (inability to distinguish text from background)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unexpected actions (e.g., redirect when an element receives focus)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSee the following video for a description of some of the common barriers for people with low vision.\r\n\r\n<strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wUwap8vuMkU\" rel=\"noopener\">Creating an accessible web (AD)\u00a0<\/a><\/strong>(4:39)\r\n\r\n[embed]https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wUwap8vuMkU[\/embed]\r\n\r\n<span class=\"small\">\u00a9 Centre for Inclusive Design. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span>\r\n<h2>People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing<\/h2>\r\nFor most people who are deaf the greatest barrier on the Web is audio content that is presented without text-based alternatives. They encounter relatively few barriers on the Web otherwise. Those who are deaf and blind will face many more barriers, including those described for people who are blind. For those who communicate with American Sign Language (ASL) or other sign languages, such as langue des signes qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise (LSQ), the written language of a website may produce barriers similar to those faced when reading in a second language.\r\n\r\nCommon barriers for this group include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Audio without a transcript<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Multimedia without captions or a transcript<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Lack of ASL interpretation (for ASL\/Deaf community)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>People with Mobility-Related Disabilities<\/h2>\r\nMobility-related disabilities are quite varied. As mentioned earlier, one could be limited to a wheelchair for getting around and face no significant barriers in web content. Those who have limited use of their hands or who have fine motor impairments that limit their ability to target web content elements with a mouse pointer may not use a mouse at all. Instead, they might rely on a keyboard or perhaps their voice to control movement through web content along with switches to control mouse clicks.\r\n\r\nCommon barriers for this group include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Clickable areas that are too small<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Functional elements that cannot be controlled with a keyboard<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>People with Some Types of Learning or Cognitive Disabilities<\/h2>\r\nLearning and cognitive-related disabilities can be as varied as mobility-related disabilities, perhaps more so. These disabilities can range from a mild reading-related disability to very severe cognitive impairments that may result in a limited use of language and difficulty processing complex information. For most of the disabilities in this range, there are some common barriers and others that only affect those with more severe cognitive disabilities.\r\n\r\nCommon barriers for this group include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Use of overly complex\/advanced language<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Overly complex or excessive amounts of content<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unstructured content (no visible headings, sections, topics, etc.)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unexpected actions (e.g., redirect when an element receives focus)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nMore specific disability-related issues include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Reading: Text justification (inconsistent spacing between words)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Reading: Images of text (not readable with a text reader)<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Visual: Visual content with no text description<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Math: Images of math equations (not readable with a math reader)<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\n<h2>Everyone<\/h2>\r\nWhile we generally think of barriers in terms of access for people with disabilities, there are some barriers that impact all types of users, though these are often thought of in terms of usability. Usability and accessibility go hand-in-hand. Adding accessibility features improves usability for others. Many people, including those who do not consider themselves to have a specific disability (such as those over the age of 50), may find themselves experiencing typical age-related loss of sight, hearing, or cognitive ability. Those with varying levels of colour blindness may also fall into this group.\r\n\r\nSome of these usability issues include:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li>Link text that does not describe the destination or function of the link<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Overly complex content<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Low contrast<\/li>\r\n \t<li>Unstructured content<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nTo learn more about disabilities and associated barriers, read the following:\r\n<div style=\"margin: 1em 0; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-left: 10px solid #0000ff;\"><strong>Suggested Reading:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/intro\/people-use-web\/\">How People with Disabilities Use the Web<\/a><\/div>","rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_80 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">Contents<\/p>\n<label for=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e933fa0f02b\" class=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-label\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/label><input type=\"checkbox\"  id=\"ez-toc-cssicon-toggle-item-69e933fa0f02b\"  aria-label=\"Toggle\" \/><nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/#People_Who_Are_Blind\" >People Who Are Blind<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/#People_with_Low_Vision\" >People with Low Vision<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/#People_Who_Are_Deaf_or_Hard_of_Hearing\" >People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/#People_with_Mobility-Related_Disabilities\" >People with Mobility-Related Disabilities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/#People_with_Some_Types_of_Learning_or_Cognitive_Disabilities\" >People with Some Types of Learning or Cognitive Disabilities<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/chapter\/types-of-disabilities-and-barriers\/#Everyone\" >Everyone<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<p>In order to understand why web accessibility is necessary, it is helpful to have a basic understanding of the range of disabilities and their related barriers with respect to the consumption of web content.<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 1em 0; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-left: 10px solid #f66;\"><strong>Key Point:<\/strong> Those who have taken our other courses will have encountered this content already. Read again or skim for a refresher.<\/div>\n<p>Not all people with disabilities encounter barriers on the Web, and <strong>those with different types of disabilities encounter different types of barriers<\/strong>. For instance, if a person is in a wheelchair they may encounter no barriers at all in web content. A person who is blind will experience different barriers than a person with limited vision. Different types of disabilities and some of their commonly associated barriers are described here.<\/p>\n<p>Watch the following video to see how students with disabilities experience the Internet.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/BEFgnYktC7U\" rel=\"noopener\">Experiences of Students with Disabilities<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(1:59)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-1\" title=\"Experiences of Students with Disabilities\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/BEFgnYktC7U?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small\">\u00a9 Jared Smith. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>In this video, David Berman talks about types of disabilities and their associated barriers.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=ZzZNacNCrbM\" rel=\"noopener\">Web Accessibility Matters: Difficulties and Technologies: Avoiding Tradeoffs<\/a><\/strong>\u00a0(9:52)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-2\" title=\"Web Accessibility Matters: Difficulties and Technologies: Avoiding Tradeoffs\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/Wl9PGvTDVQ8?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small\">\u00a9 davidbermancom. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People_Who_Are_Blind\"><\/span>People Who Are Blind<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>People who are blind tend to face many barriers in web content, given the visual nature of the Web. They will often use a screen reader to access their computer or device and may use a refreshable Braille display to convert text to Braille.<\/p>\n<p>Common barriers for this group include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Visual content that has no text alternative<\/li>\n<li>Functional elements that cannot be controlled with a keyboard<\/li>\n<li>Overly complex or excessive amounts of content<\/li>\n<li>Inability to navigate within a page of content<\/li>\n<li>Content that is not structured<\/li>\n<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\n<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\n<li>Unexpected actions (e.g., redirect when an element receives focus)<\/li>\n<li>Multimedia without audio description<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>For a quick look at how a person who is blind might use a screen reader like JAWS to navigate the Web, watch the following video.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=-GPNTctdezg\" rel=\"noopener\">Accessing the web using screen reading software<\/a>\u00a0<\/strong>(3:07)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-3\" title=\"Accessing the web using screen reading software\" width=\"500\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/-GPNTctdezg?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small\">\u00a9 rscnescotland. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People_with_Low_Vision\"><\/span>People with Low Vision<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>People with low vision are often able to see web content if it is magnified. They may use a screen magnification program to increase the size and contrast of the content to make it more visible. They are less likely to use a screen reader than a person who is blind, though in some cases they will. People with low vision may rely on the magnification or text customization features in their web browser, or they may install other magnification or text reading software.<\/p>\n<p>Common barriers for this group include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Content sized with absolute measures, so it is not resizable<\/li>\n<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\n<li>Images of text that degrade or pixelate when magnified<\/li>\n<li>Low contrast (inability to distinguish text from background)<\/li>\n<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\n<li>Unexpected actions (e.g., redirect when an element receives focus)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See the following video for a description of some of the common barriers for people with low vision.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Video: <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=wUwap8vuMkU\" rel=\"noopener\">Creating an accessible web (AD)\u00a0<\/a><\/strong>(4:39)<\/p>\n<p><iframe loading=\"lazy\" id=\"oembed-4\" title=\"Creating an accessible web (AD)\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/wUwap8vuMkU?feature=oembed&#38;rel=0\" frameborder=\"0\" allowfullscreen=\"allowfullscreen\"><\/iframe><\/p>\n<p><span class=\"small\">\u00a9 Centre for Inclusive Design. Released under the terms of a Standard YouTube License. All rights reserved.<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People_Who_Are_Deaf_or_Hard_of_Hearing\"><\/span>People Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>For most people who are deaf the greatest barrier on the Web is audio content that is presented without text-based alternatives. They encounter relatively few barriers on the Web otherwise. Those who are deaf and blind will face many more barriers, including those described for people who are blind. For those who communicate with American Sign Language (ASL) or other sign languages, such as langue des signes qu\u00e9b\u00e9coise (LSQ), the written language of a website may produce barriers similar to those faced when reading in a second language.<\/p>\n<p>Common barriers for this group include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Audio without a transcript<\/li>\n<li>Multimedia without captions or a transcript<\/li>\n<li>Lack of ASL interpretation (for ASL\/Deaf community)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People_with_Mobility-Related_Disabilities\"><\/span>People with Mobility-Related Disabilities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Mobility-related disabilities are quite varied. As mentioned earlier, one could be limited to a wheelchair for getting around and face no significant barriers in web content. Those who have limited use of their hands or who have fine motor impairments that limit their ability to target web content elements with a mouse pointer may not use a mouse at all. Instead, they might rely on a keyboard or perhaps their voice to control movement through web content along with switches to control mouse clicks.<\/p>\n<p>Common barriers for this group include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Clickable areas that are too small<\/li>\n<li>Functional elements that cannot be controlled with a keyboard<\/li>\n<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"People_with_Some_Types_of_Learning_or_Cognitive_Disabilities\"><\/span>People with Some Types of Learning or Cognitive Disabilities<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>Learning and cognitive-related disabilities can be as varied as mobility-related disabilities, perhaps more so. These disabilities can range from a mild reading-related disability to very severe cognitive impairments that may result in a limited use of language and difficulty processing complex information. For most of the disabilities in this range, there are some common barriers and others that only affect those with more severe cognitive disabilities.<\/p>\n<p>Common barriers for this group include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Use of overly complex\/advanced language<\/li>\n<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\n<li>Overly complex or excessive amounts of content<\/li>\n<li>Time limits (insufficient time to complete tasks)<\/li>\n<li>Unstructured content (no visible headings, sections, topics, etc.)<\/li>\n<li>Unexpected actions (e.g., redirect when an element receives focus)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>More specific disability-related issues include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Reading: Text justification (inconsistent spacing between words)<\/li>\n<li>Reading: Images of text (not readable with a text reader)<\/li>\n<li>Visual: Visual content with no text description<\/li>\n<li>Math: Images of math equations (not readable with a math reader)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Everyone\"><\/span>Everyone<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n<p>While we generally think of barriers in terms of access for people with disabilities, there are some barriers that impact all types of users, though these are often thought of in terms of usability. Usability and accessibility go hand-in-hand. Adding accessibility features improves usability for others. Many people, including those who do not consider themselves to have a specific disability (such as those over the age of 50), may find themselves experiencing typical age-related loss of sight, hearing, or cognitive ability. Those with varying levels of colour blindness may also fall into this group.<\/p>\n<p>Some of these usability issues include:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Link text that does not describe the destination or function of the link<\/li>\n<li>Overly complex content<\/li>\n<li>Inconsistent navigation<\/li>\n<li>Low contrast<\/li>\n<li>Unstructured content<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>To learn more about disabilities and associated barriers, read the following:<\/p>\n<div style=\"margin: 1em 0; padding: 1em; border: 1px solid #ddd; border-left: 10px solid #0000ff;\"><strong>Suggested Reading:<\/strong> <a href=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/WAI\/intro\/people-use-web\/\">How People with Disabilities Use the Web<\/a><\/div>\n","protected":false},"author":100,"menu_order":1,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-813","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":541,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/813","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/100"}],"version-history":[{"count":13,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/813\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1935,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/813\/revisions\/1935"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/541"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/813\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=813"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=813"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=813"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/wafd\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=813"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}