{"id":1195,"date":"2018-06-01T20:36:13","date_gmt":"2018-06-01T20:36:13","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.ryerson.ca\/writehere\/?post_type=chapter&#038;p=1195"},"modified":"2018-07-18T18:12:46","modified_gmt":"2018-07-18T18:12:46","slug":"citation-tip","status":"publish","type":"chapter","link":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/chapter\/citation-tip\/","title":{"raw":"Citation Tip!","rendered":"Citation Tip!"},"content":{"raw":"Read the assignment instructions to determine which citation style you should use. If you are allowed to choose one for yourself, the most important thing to remember is: use <strong>one style per assignment<\/strong> and be consistent, do not mix and match styles within a paper.\r\n<h1>APA citation style<\/h1>\r\nThe American Psychological Association style is used primarily in the social sciences, including economics, geography, journalism, criminology and law.\r\n\r\nAPA reference style is based on the following:\r\n<ul>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Each reference begins with the author\u2019s last name followed by initial(s), and the list is in alphabetical order<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first line of each entry in your reference list should be left justified and remaining lines indented one-half inch from the left margin, which is called hanging indentation.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals, but not the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works.<\/li>\r\n \t<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as opposed to the URL. Always check with your instructor to confirm that you should include DOIs or URLs in your bibliography.<\/li>\r\n<\/ul>\r\nSee the full list of instructions on citing with APA at the <a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/resource\/560\/05\/\">OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab.<\/a>\r\n<h3>APA citation for a journal article<\/h3>\r\n<span style=\"color: #cc99ff\">Author surname, initial<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">(Date)<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #008000\">Title of article<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #00ccff\"><em>Title of journal<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">volume number (issue number)<\/span>, pages.\r\n\r\n<span style=\"color: #cc99ff\">Brown, J., &amp; Duguid, P<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">(1996)<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #008000\">The Social Life of Documents<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #00ccff\"><em>First Monday<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">1(1)<\/span>.\r\n\r\n<a href=\"http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/466\">http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/466<\/a>\r\n<h3>How to cite and reference with APA<\/h3>\r\nWhen summarizing the facts from another writer\u2019s piece of writing, an<strong> in-text citation<\/strong> is used to credit the original author. You can do this by including a short quotation from the original text within your work, or a paraphrase of the ideas, followed by the author and year of publication.\r\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 30px\">Despite the media\u2019s insistence that it is colourblind, Serena is most often portrayed as a symbol of black pride and heritage.\u00a0 (Schultz, 2005).<\/p>\r\nAnother option is to begin the sentence with a signal phrase that includes the author's last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">According to Schultz (2005), despite the media\u2019s insistence that it is colourblind, Serena is most often portrayed as a symbol of black pride and heritage.<\/p>\r\nWhen including a direct quote, add the page numbers.\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">According to Schultz (2005) \u201cIn the overwhelmingly white world of professional tennis, Serena Williams and her older sister Venus are frequently re-presented in the tradition of black pride and heritage\u201d (p. 339).<\/p>\r\nInclude the full reference of the journal article in the References:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Schultz, J. (2005). Reading the catsuit: Serena Williams and the production of Blackness at the 2002 US Open. J<em>ournal of Sport and Social Issues<\/em>, 29(3), 338-357.<\/p>\r\nIn this<strong> APA example of in-text citing<\/strong>, the author\u2019s name &amp; publication date is included as part of the sentence. The quote is followed by the page number in parentheses (including lowercase letter p. -- which MLA does not include)\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ruffo (2015) said his poems were a natural and spontaneous response to being moved by Morrisseau\u2019s art, and focused on the paintings he admired most (p. 9).<\/p>\r\nInclude the full reference in the bibliography at the end of your paper like this:\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ruffo, A. G. (2015). <em>The Thunderbird poems<\/em>. Harbour Publishing.<\/p>\r\n\r\n<h1>APA reference examples<\/h1>\r\nBook\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Vowel, C. (2016). <em>Indigenous writes: A guide to First nations, M\u00e9tis, and Inuit issues in Canada.<\/em> HighWater Press.<\/p>\r\nChapter in a book\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Fong, E. (2017). Residential segregation of visible minority groups in Toronto. In Roland Sintos Colomba and Gordon Pon\u00a0 (Eds.), <em>Asian Canadian studies reader<\/em>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.<\/p>\r\nScholarly journal article\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Deflem, M. (2013). Professor goes gaga: Teaching Lady Gaga and the sociology of fame. <em>The American Sociologist<\/em>, 44(2), 117-131.<\/p>\r\nGovernment document online\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Mackay, R., Phillips, K., &amp; Canada. Parliamentary Information and Research Service. (2016). <em>The legal regulation of marijuana in Canada and selected other countries<\/em>. Library of Parliament. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/Content\/LOP\/ResearchPublications\/2016-94-e.pdf\">https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/Content\/LOP\/ResearchPublications\/2016-94-e.pdf<\/a><\/p>\r\nLecture\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ehret, S. (18 January 2018). Introduction and Overview of the Canadian criminal justice system. <em>CRM 100: Introduction to Canadian Criminal Justice<\/em> [Lecture]. Ryerson University.<\/p>\r\nFilm\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Monkman, K. (Director) &amp; Lee A. (Producer). (2015). <em>Sisters &amp; brothers<\/em> [Film]. Canada: National Film Board.<\/p>\r\nOnline magazine article\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Cole, D. (2015). The Skin I'm in. <em>Toronto Life<\/em>, 49.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/torontolife.com\/city\/life\/skin-im-ive-interrogated-police-50-times-im-black\/\">https:\/\/torontolife.com\/city\/life\/skin-im-ive-interrogated-police-50-times-im-black\/<\/a><\/p>\r\nTweet\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">@ladygaga. (12 Sept. 2017). In our documentary the #chronicillness #chronicpain I deal w\/ is #Fibromyalgia I wish to help raise awareness &amp; connect people who have it. [Tweet] <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ladygaga\/status\/907571825294675968\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/ladygaga\/status\/907571825294675968<\/a><\/p>\r\nYouTube video\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Stoehr, K. &amp; Eisen A. (2014). Research 101: Scholarship is a Conversation. [Video file]. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGia3gNyHDM\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGia3gNyHDM<\/a><\/p>\r\nMusic\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Beyonc\u00e9 (2016). Formation. On <em>Lemonade<\/em>, Parkwood Entertainment. <a href=\"http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/466\">www.beyonce.com\/album\/lemonade-visual-album<\/a><\/p>\r\nArt\r\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Pratt, C. (1965). <em>Young girl with seashells<\/em> [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL.<\/p>","rendered":"<p>Read the assignment instructions to determine which citation style you should use. If you are allowed to choose one for yourself, the most important thing to remember is: use <strong>one style per assignment<\/strong> and be consistent, do not mix and match styles within a paper.<\/p>\n<h1>APA citation style<\/h1>\n<p>The American Psychological Association style is used primarily in the social sciences, including economics, geography, journalism, criminology and law.<\/p>\n<p>APA reference style is based on the following:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Each reference begins with the author\u2019s last name followed by initial(s), and the list is in alphabetical order<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Capitalize only the first letter of the first word of a title and subtitle, the first word after a colon or a dash in the title, and proper nouns.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">The first line of each entry in your reference list should be left justified and remaining lines indented one-half inch from the left margin, which is called hanging indentation.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Italicize titles of longer works such as books and journals, but not the titles of shorter works such as journal articles or essays in edited collections.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">Do not italicize, underline, or put quotes around the titles of shorter works.<\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400\">APA recommends providing a Digital Object Identifier (DOI), when it is available, as opposed to the URL. Always check with your instructor to confirm that you should include DOIs or URLs in your bibliography.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>See the full list of instructions on citing with APA at the <a href=\"https:\/\/owl.english.purdue.edu\/owl\/resource\/560\/05\/\">OWL Purdue Online Writing Lab.<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>APA citation for a journal article<\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"color: #cc99ff\">Author surname, initial<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">(Date)<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #008000\">Title of article<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #00ccff\"><em>Title of journal<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">volume number (issue number)<\/span>, pages.<\/p>\n<p><span style=\"color: #cc99ff\">Brown, J., &amp; Duguid, P<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">(1996)<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #008000\">The Social Life of Documents<\/span>. <span style=\"color: #00ccff\"><em>First Monday<\/em><\/span>, <span style=\"color: #ff0000\">1(1)<\/span>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/466\">http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/466<\/a><\/p>\n<h3>How to cite and reference with APA<\/h3>\n<p>When summarizing the facts from another writer\u2019s piece of writing, an<strong> in-text citation<\/strong> is used to credit the original author. You can do this by including a short quotation from the original text within your work, or a paraphrase of the ideas, followed by the author and year of publication.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: left;padding-left: 30px\">Despite the media\u2019s insistence that it is colourblind, Serena is most often portrayed as a symbol of black pride and heritage.\u00a0 (Schultz, 2005).<\/p>\n<p>Another option is to begin the sentence with a signal phrase that includes the author&#8217;s last name followed by the date of publication in parentheses:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">According to Schultz (2005), despite the media\u2019s insistence that it is colourblind, Serena is most often portrayed as a symbol of black pride and heritage.<\/p>\n<p>When including a direct quote, add the page numbers.<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">According to Schultz (2005) \u201cIn the overwhelmingly white world of professional tennis, Serena Williams and her older sister Venus are frequently re-presented in the tradition of black pride and heritage\u201d (p. 339).<\/p>\n<p>Include the full reference of the journal article in the References:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Schultz, J. (2005). Reading the catsuit: Serena Williams and the production of Blackness at the 2002 US Open. J<em>ournal of Sport and Social Issues<\/em>, 29(3), 338-357.<\/p>\n<p>In this<strong> APA example of in-text citing<\/strong>, the author\u2019s name &amp; publication date is included as part of the sentence. The quote is followed by the page number in parentheses (including lowercase letter p. &#8212; which MLA does not include)<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ruffo (2015) said his poems were a natural and spontaneous response to being moved by Morrisseau\u2019s art, and focused on the paintings he admired most (p. 9).<\/p>\n<p>Include the full reference in the bibliography at the end of your paper like this:<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ruffo, A. G. (2015). <em>The Thunderbird poems<\/em>. Harbour Publishing.<\/p>\n<h1>APA reference examples<\/h1>\n<p>Book<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Vowel, C. (2016). <em>Indigenous writes: A guide to First nations, M\u00e9tis, and Inuit issues in Canada.<\/em> HighWater Press.<\/p>\n<p>Chapter in a book<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Fong, E. (2017). Residential segregation of visible minority groups in Toronto. In Roland Sintos Colomba and Gordon Pon\u00a0 (Eds.), <em>Asian Canadian studies reader<\/em>. Toronto: University of Toronto Press.<\/p>\n<p>Scholarly journal article<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Deflem, M. (2013). Professor goes gaga: Teaching Lady Gaga and the sociology of fame. <em>The American Sociologist<\/em>, 44(2), 117-131.<\/p>\n<p>Government document online<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Mackay, R., Phillips, K., &amp; Canada. Parliamentary Information and Research Service. (2016). <em>The legal regulation of marijuana in Canada and selected other countries<\/em>. Library of Parliament. Retrieved from <a href=\"https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/Content\/LOP\/ResearchPublications\/2016-94-e.pdf\">https:\/\/lop.parl.ca\/Content\/LOP\/ResearchPublications\/2016-94-e.pdf<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Lecture<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Ehret, S. (18 January 2018). Introduction and Overview of the Canadian criminal justice system. <em>CRM 100: Introduction to Canadian Criminal Justice<\/em> [Lecture]. Ryerson University.<\/p>\n<p>Film<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Monkman, K. (Director) &amp; Lee A. (Producer). (2015). <em>Sisters &amp; brothers<\/em> [Film]. Canada: National Film Board.<\/p>\n<p>Online magazine article<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Cole, D. (2015). The Skin I&#8217;m in. <em>Toronto Life<\/em>, 49.\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/torontolife.com\/city\/life\/skin-im-ive-interrogated-police-50-times-im-black\/\">https:\/\/torontolife.com\/city\/life\/skin-im-ive-interrogated-police-50-times-im-black\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Tweet<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">@ladygaga. (12 Sept. 2017). In our documentary the #chronicillness #chronicpain I deal w\/ is #Fibromyalgia I wish to help raise awareness &amp; connect people who have it. [Tweet] <a href=\"https:\/\/twitter.com\/ladygaga\/status\/907571825294675968\">https:\/\/twitter.com\/ladygaga\/status\/907571825294675968<\/a><\/p>\n<p>YouTube video<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Stoehr, K. &amp; Eisen A. (2014). Research 101: Scholarship is a Conversation. [Video file]. Retrieved from: <a href=\"https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGia3gNyHDM\">https:\/\/youtu.be\/YGia3gNyHDM<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Music<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Beyonc\u00e9 (2016). Formation. On <em>Lemonade<\/em>, Parkwood Entertainment. <a href=\"http:\/\/firstmonday.org\/ojs\/index.php\/fm\/article\/view\/466\">www.beyonce.com\/album\/lemonade-visual-album<\/a><\/p>\n<p>Art<\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-left: 30px\">Pratt, C. (1965). <em>Young girl with seashells<\/em> [Oil on board]. Memorial University Art Gallery Permanent Collection, Corner Brook, NL.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":87,"menu_order":9,"template":"","meta":{"pb_show_title":"on","pb_short_title":"","pb_subtitle":"","pb_authors":[],"pb_section_license":""},"chapter-type":[],"contributor":[],"license":[],"class_list":["post-1195","chapter","type-chapter","status-publish","hentry"],"part":1169,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1195","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/chapter"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/87"}],"version-history":[{"count":10,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1195\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2272,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1195\/revisions\/2272"}],"part":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/parts\/1169"}],"metadata":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapters\/1195\/metadata\/"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1195"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"chapter-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/pressbooks\/v2\/chapter-type?post=1195"},{"taxonomy":"contributor","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/contributor?post=1195"},{"taxonomy":"license","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/pressbooks.library.torontomu.ca\/writehere\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/license?post=1195"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}