Module 2: Group Work Relationship Management
Part IV: Managing Uncertainty
In a professional group setting, relationships amongst team members are valuable systems of information exchange — and the reduction of uncertainty is essential for the group’s survival (Berger as cited in Redmond, 2015).
Uncertainty Reduction Theory
Uncertainly can be defined as “having a number of possible alternative predictions or explanations” (Berger and Calabrese as cited by Redmond, 2015, p.4). There are a number of unpredictable factors when interacting with others in a group context. Members will naturally seek to reduce these uncertainties, and (unconsciously or consciously) follow the Uncertainty Reduction Theory (summarized in the three stages below) in an effort to predict potential outcomes (Redmond, 2015).
- STAGE ONE: Uncertainty
- STAGE TWO: Information Seeking
- STAGE THREE: Uncertainty Reduction
Feelings of uncertainty may be heighten amongst the group when a member or members behaves in a way which violates the group’s expectations. This sparks uncertainty as other group members are no longer able to feel confident in their ability to predict another’s actions. Figure #1 demonstrates different elements of uncertainty which can appear in interpersonal interactions (especially in a group dynamic).
Uncertainty Reduction
Berger and Calabrese (1975) identify seven variables (shown below) associated to impact an individual’s level of uncertainty when engaging in initial interactions with others.
- Verbal communication
Amount of verbal words exchanged amongst group members during the course of an interaction. - Nonverbal affiliative expressiveness
Showcase of goodwill through nonverbal communication (such as a smile, head nods, and open hand/arm gestures). - Information-seeking behaviour
Amount of questions asked by individuals in the group. - Intimacy level of communication content
Exchange of personal information amongst the group members ranging from low risk (e.g. demographics) to high risk (e.g. belief systems, viewpoints, and opinions). - Reciprocity
Relatively equal exchange of information (and effort invested) amongst the group members. - Similarity
Similarities in attitudes and engagement levels shared. - Liking
Pleasant and positive feelings shared amongst the group members.
To complement the seven variables, group members can (1) seek information, (2) choose their complexity of their plan, (3) use hedging techniques as needed, and (4) implement The Hierarchy Hypothesis.
