Module 2: Direct Comprehensive Primary Care in the LTC Setting

74 2.10 References

Abbasi, M., Rolfson, D., Khera, A. S., Dabravolskaj, J., Dent, E., &  Xia, L. (2018). Identification and management of frailty in the primary care setting. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 190(38). https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.171509

Advance Care Planning Canada. (2022). Advance care planning in Canada: it’s about conversations, it’s about wishes. https://www.advancecareplanning.ca/

Alberta Health Services. (n.d.). Palliative & End-of-Life Care (PEOLC): Information for Health Professionals. https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/info/Page14559.aspx

Ariadne Labs: A Joint Center for Health Systems Innovation. (2015). Serious Illness Conversation Guide. https://www.virtualhospice.ca/Assets/SI-CG-2017-04-21_FINAL_20190122135905.pdf

Ariadne Labs. (2023). Serious Illness Conversation Guide. https://www.ariadnelabs.org/resources/downloads/serious-illness-conversation-guide/

Ahmed, A., van den Muijsenbergh, M. E., & Vrijhoef, H.  J. (2022). Person‐centred care in primary care: What works for whom, how and in what circumstances?. Health & social care in the community, 30(6), e3328-e3341.

Alagiakrishnan, K., & Wiens, C. A. (2004). An approach to drug induced delirium in the elderly. Postgraduate medical journal, 80(945), 388–393. https://doi.org/10.1136/pgmj.2003.017236

Alberta Health Services. (2015). Delirium Screening Tool: Confusion Assessment Method (CAM). https://www.albertahealthservices.ca/assets/about/scn/ahs-scn-bjh-hf-delirium-screening-tool.pdf

Allison, R. II., Assadzandi, S., & Adelman, M. (2021). Frailty: Evaluation and Management. Am Fam Physician, 103(4), 219-226.

Alzheimer’s Society. (2017, April 1). Delirium – symptoms, diagnosis and treatment. https://www.alzheimers.org.uk/get-support/daily-living/delirium

Alzheimer’s Society. (2023). Dementia numbers in Canada. https://alzheimer.ca/en/about-dementia/what-dementia/dementia-numbers-canada

American Institute for Healthcare Management. (2021). Problem Solving And Decision Making Tools. https://www.amihm.org/problem-solving-and-decision-making-tools/

American Medical Directors Association. (2005). AMDA Clinical Practice Guideline: Acute Change of Condition. https://www.assistedlivingconsult.com/issues/01-02/ALC1-2_AMDA.pdf

American Psychological Association. (2020). Geriatric Depression Scale. https://www.apa.org/pi/about/publications/caregivers/practice-settings/assessment/tools/geriatric-depression

Anekar, A. A., Hendrix, J. M., & Cascella, M. (2023). WHO Analgesic Ladder. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK554435/ Anderson, F., Downing, G. M., Hill, J., et al. (1996). Palliative Performance Scale (PPS): a new tool. J Palliative Care, 12(1), 5-11.

Aoki, F. Y., Papenburg, J., Mubareka, S., Allen, U. D., Hatchette, T. F., & Evans, G. A. (2022). 2021–2022 AMMI Canada guidance on the use of antiviral drugs for influenza in the COVID-19 pandemic setting in Canada. Official Journal of the Association of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Disease Canada, 7(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.3138/jammi-2022-01-31

Arya, A. (2020, July 16). Palliative care has been lacking for decades in long-term care. Policy Options. https://policyoptions.irpp.org/magazines/july-2020/palliative-care-has-been-lacking-for-decades-in-long-term-care/

Auger, J. (2021). Chapter 6: Admission and discharge. The OLTCC Long Term Care Medical Director Course.

Bacon, J. (2010). The palliative approach: improving care for Canadians with life-limiting illness. The Way Forward. http://hpcintegration.ca/media/38753/TWF-palliative-approach-report-English-final2.pdf

Baxter, R., Pusa, S., Andersson, S., Fromme, E. K., Paladino, J., & Sandgren, A. (2023). Core elements of serious illness conversations: An integrative systematic review. BMJ Supportive & Palliative Care. https://doi.org/10.1136/spcare-2023-004163

BC Centre for Palliative Care. (n.d.). Symptom Management Guidelines. https://www.bc-cpc.ca/publications/symptom-management-guidelines/

Bergstrom, N., Braden, B. J., Laguzza, A., & Holman, V. (1987). The Braden Scale for Predicting Pressure Sore Risk. Nursing research, 36(4), 205–210.

Bernacki, R., Hutchings, M., Vick, J., Smith, G., Paladino, J., Lipsitz, S., Gawande, A. A., & Block, S. D. (2015). Development of the serious illness care program: A randomised controlled trial of a palliative care communication intervention. BMJ Open, 5(10). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2015-009032

Berntsen, G. R., Yaron, S., Chetty, M., Canfield, C., Ako-Egbe, L., Phan, P., Curran, C., & Castro, I. (2021). Person-centered care (PCC): the people’s perspective. International journal for quality in health care : journal of the International Society for Quality in Health Care, 33(Supplement_2), ii23–ii26. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzab052

Boltz, M., Capezuti, E., Fulmer, T. T., Zwicker, D., Lim, F., Foust, J. B., & Van Cleave, J. H. (2016a). Chapter 36: Transitional Care. In Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice (5th ed.). Springer Publishing Company.

Boltz, M., Capezuti, E., Fulmer, T., Zwicker, D., Post, L. F., & Boltz, M. (2016b). Chapter 39: Advanced care planning. In Evidence-Based Geriatric Nursing Protocols for Best Practice (5th ed.). Springer Publishing Company.

Boyd, C. M., Vollenweider, D., & Puhan, M. A. (2012). Informing evidence-based decision-making for patients with comorbidity: Availability of necessary information in clinical trials for chronic diseases. PLoS ONE, 7(8). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0041601

Brignole, M., Moya, A., de Lange, F. J., Deharo, J.-C., Elliott, P. M., Fanciulli, A., Fedorowski, A., Furlan, R., Kenny, R. A., Martín, A., Probst, V., Reed, M. J., Rice, C. P., Sutton, R., Ungar, A., van Dijk, J. G., Torbicki, A., Moreno, J., Aboyans, V., … Lim, P. B. (2018). 2018 ESC guidelines for the diagnosis and management of syncope. European Heart Journal, 39(21), 1883–1948. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurheartj/ehy037

Brown, R. T., Hemati, K., Riley, E. D., Lee, C. T., Ponath, C., Tieu, L., Guzman, D., & Kushel, M. B. (2017). Geriatric conditions in a population-based sample of older homeless adults. The Gerontologist, 57(4), 757–766. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnw011

Burke, A. (2023). Establishing Priorities: NCLEX-RN. https://www.registerednursing.org/nclex/establishing-priorities/

Busse, J. W., Craigie, S., Juurlink, D. N., Buckley, D. N., Wang, L., Couban, R. J., Agoritsas, T., Akl, E. A., Carrasco-Labra, A., Cooper, L., Cull, C., da Costa, B. R., Frank, J. W., Grant, G., Iorio, A., Persaud, N., Stern, S., Tugwell, P., Vandvik, P. O., & Guyatt, G. H. (2017). Guideline for opioid therapy and chronic noncancer pain. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(18). https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.170363

Bruyere. (2023). What is deprescribing? https://deprescribing.org/what-is-deprescribing/

Byrne, A. L., Baldwin, A., & Harvey, C. (2020). Whose centre is it anyway? Defining person-centred care in nursing: An integrative review. PLoS One, 15(3), e0229923.

Cameron, B., & Laupacis, A. (2019). Where do goals of care conversations belong? A case for the emergency department. CJEM, 21(6), 698–700. https://doi.org/10.1017/cem.2019.364

Canadian Cardiovascular Society. (2021). Is it heart failure and what should I do.  https://ccs.ca/guideline/2021-heart-failure-reduced-ef/

Canadian Centre for Caregiving Excellence. (2022). Giving Care: An approach to a better caregiving landscape in Canada. https://canadiancaregiving.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/CCCE_Giving-Care.pdf

Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. (2018). Improving Quality of Life: Substance Use and Aging.  https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2022-04/CCSA-Substance-Use-and-Aging-Report-2018-en%20%28ID%2023186%29.pdf

Canadian Coalition on Seniors’ Mental Health. (2019). Introduction to the Canadian Coalition for Seniors’ Mental Health (CCSMH) Guidelines on Substance Use Disorders Among Older Adults. https://ccsmh.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/Canadian_Guidelines_Introduction_Doc_ENG.pdf

Canadian Coalition on Seniors’ Mental Health. (n.d.). Mental Health in Long-Term Care. https://ccsmh.ca/areas-of-focus/long-term-care/

Canadian Diabetes Association. (2023). Diabetes Canada. https://www.diabetes.ca/health-care-providers/clinical-practice-guidelines/chapter-37#panel-tab_FullText

Canadian Frailty Network. (2018). What is Frailty?  https://www.cfn-nce.ca/frailty-matters/what-is-frailty/

Canadian Geriatrics Society. (2022). Geriatrics. Eight Tests and Treatments to Question. https://choosingwiselycanada.org/recommendation/geriatrics/

Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association. (2013). A Model to Guide Hospice Palliative Care. https://www.chpca.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/norms-of-practice-eng-web.pdf

Canadian Hospice Palliative Care Association. (2015). The way forward national framework: A roadmap for an integrated palliative approach to care. http://www.hpcintegration.ca/media/60044/TWF-framework-doc-Eng-2015-final-April1.pdf

Canadian Human Rights Commission & the Correctional Investigator Canada. (2019). Aging and Dying in Prison: An Investigation into the Experiences of Older Individuals in Federal Custody. https://www.chrc-ccdp.gc.ca/sites/default/files/publication-pdfs/oth-aut20190228-eng.pdf

Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2023). Access to Palliative Care in Canada 2023. https://www.cihi.ca/sites/default/files/document/access-to-palliative-care-in-canada-2023-report-en.pdf

Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2022a). A profile of hospitalized seniors at risk of frailty in Canada — Infographic. Accessed October 31, 2023. https://www.cihi.ca/en/a-profile-of-hospitalized-seniors-at-risk-of-frailty-in-canada-infographic

Canadian Institute for Health Information. (2022b). Changes in drug prescribing to seniors in Canada. https://www.cihi.ca/en/changes-in-drug-prescribing-to-seniors-in-canada

Canadian Institute for Health Information. (n.d.-a). Dementia in hospitals. https://www.cihi.ca/en/dementia-in-canada/dementia-care-across-the-health-system/dementia-in-hospitals

Canadian Institute for Health Information. (n.d.-b). Infographic: Canada’s seniors population outlook: Uncharted territory. https://www.cihi.ca/en/infographic-canadas-seniors-population-outlook-uncharted-territory

Canadian Medication Appropriateness and Deprescribing Network. (2023). Do I Still Need This Medication? https://www.deprescribingnetwork.ca/

Canadian Mental Health Association. (2010). Mental Health and Addictions Issues for Older Adults: Opening the Doors to a Strategic Framework. https://ontario.cmha.ca/wp-content/uploads/2010/03/cmha_ontario_issues_for_older_adults_full_report_201003.pdf

Canadian Nurses Association. (2010). Position statement: Evidence-informed decision-making and nursing practice. https://hl-prod-ca-oc-download.s3-ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/CNA/2f975e7e-4a40-45ca-863c-5ebf0a138d5e/UploadedImages/documents/PS113_Evidence_informed_2010_e.pdf

Canadian Nurses Association. (2016). Through the lens of truth and reconciliation: next steps. Bearskin – Bourque, L. https://www.canadian-nurse.com/blogs/cn-content/2016/03/01/through-the-lens-of-truth-and-reconciliation-next

Canadian Nurses Association. (2019). Advanced Practice Nursing: A Pan-Canadian Framework. https://www.apn-ch.ch/documents/498219/514757/Advanced+Practice+Nursing+-+A+Pan-Canadian+Framework.pdf/e8688392-8b31-ff8c-ddd9-f30a6f0c6f37?t=1599208412123

Canadian Patient Safety Institute. (2014). Resource guide for supporting caregivers at home – for clients and family caregivers. https://www.patientsafetyinstitute.ca/en/toolsResources/HomeCareSafety/Documents/Resources%20for%20family%20caregivers%20and%20clients%20-%20Resource%20guide%20for%20supporting%20caregivers%20at%20home.pdf

Canadian Researchers at the End of Life Network (CARENET). (2014). Just Ask: a conversation guide for goals of care discussions. https://www.virtualhospice.ca/Assets/Just%20Ask%20Booklet-rev-May8_FINAL-web_20150626123629.pdf

Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. (2013). Cervical Cancer (2013). https://canadiantaskforce.ca/guidelines/published-guidelines/cervical-cancer/

Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. (2014). Prostate cancer (2014). https://canadiantaskforce.ca/guidelines/published-guidelines/prostate-cancer/

Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. (2016). Recommendations on screening for colorectal cancer in primary care. CMAJ, 188(5), 340-348. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.151125

Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. (2017). Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm (2017). https://canadiantaskforce.ca/guidelines/published-guidelines/abdominal-aortic-aneurysm/

Canadian Task Force on Preventive Health Care. (2018). Breast Cancer Update (2018). https://canadiantaskforce.ca/guidelines/published-guidelines/breast-cancer-update/

Canadian Thoracic Society. (2023). Canadian Tuberculosis Standards. https://manuals.cts-sct.ca/documentation/chapter-14-prevention-and-control-of-tuberculosis-transmission-in-healthcare-settings/7-prevention-of-transmission-of-m-tuberculosis-within-other-healthcare-settings/7-1-long-term-care-homes/

CDC. (2017). Timed Up & Go (TUG). https://www.cdc.gov/steadi/pdf/TUG_test-print.pdf

Centre for Effective Practice. (2016). Use of Antipsychotics in Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia (BPSD) Discussion Guide.  https://cep.health/media/uploaded/UseofAntipsychotics_LTC2016-2.pdf

Centre for Equality Rights in Accommodation (CERA). (2022). Older Persons Living in Long-term Care Homes and the Right to Adequate Housing in Canada. https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/documents/issues/olderpersons/2022-report-right-housing/ngos-csos/2022-08-03/submissions-older-persons-right-to-adequate-housing-CERA-en.pdf

Cesari, M., Marzetti, E., Canevelli, M., & Guaraldi, G. (2017). Geriatric syndromes: How to treat. Virulence, 8(5), 577–585. https://doi.org/10.1080/21505594.2016.1219445

CGA Toolkit Plus. (2023). Resources for the comprehensive geriatric assessment based proactive and personalized primary Care of the elderly. https://www.cgakit.com/geriatric-syndromes

CGA Toolkit. (n.d.-a). Frailty. Resources for the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment based Proactive and Personalised Primary Care of the Elderly. https://www.cgakit.com/frailty

CGA Toolkit. (n.d.-b). Geriatric Syndromes. Resources for the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment based Proactive and Personalised Primary Care of the Elderly. https://www.cgakit.com/geriatric-syndromes

CGA Toolkit. (n.d.-c). Proactive Care. Resources for the Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment based Proactive and Personalised Primary Care of the Elderly. https://www.cgakit.com/proactive-care

Childers, J. W., Back, A. L., Tulsky, J. A., & Arnold, R. M. (2017). REMAP: A framework for goals of care conversations. Journal of Oncology Practice, 13(10). https://doi.org/10.1200/jop.2016.018796

Choosing Wisely Canada. (n.d.). Using Antibiotics Wisely in Primary Care. https://choosingwiselycanada.org/primary-care/antibiotics/

City of Toronto. (2018). Toronto Street Needs Assessment 2018 Results Report. https://www.toronto.ca/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/99be-2018-SNA-Results-Report.pdf

Clarke, J., Momeyer, M. A., Rosselet, R., Sinnott, L., & Overcash, J. (2023). Serious Illness Conversation Training for Inpatient Medical Oncology Advanced Practice Providers: A Quality Improvement Project. Journal of the advanced practitioner in oncology, 14(1), 37–48. https://doi.org/10.6004/jadpro.2023.14.1.3

Clegg, A., Young, J., Rikkert, M. O., & Rockwood, K. (2013). Frailty in elderly people. Lancet, 381(9868), 752-62. doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(12)62167-9

Cloak, N., & Khalili, Y. (2022). Behavioral and Psychological symptoms in Dementia. In: StatPearls [Internet]. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2023 Jan. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK551552/

Closing the Gap. (2019). Palliative Care in Ontario: Everything You Need to Know. https://www.closingthegap.ca/palliative-care-in-ontario-everything-you-need-to-know/#:~:text=Palliative%20care%20should%20also%20be,shown%20in%20the%20diagram%20below.

College of Nurses of Ontario. (2017). Consent. https://www.cno.org/globalassets/docs/policy/41020_consent.pdf

College of Nurses of Ontario. (2019). Entry-to-Practice Competencies for Registered Nurses. https://www.cno.org/globalassets/docs/reg/41037-entry-to-practice-competencies-2020.pdf

Collins, C. M., & Small, S. P. (2019). The nurse practitioner role is ideally suited for palliative care practice: A qualitative descriptive study. Canadian oncology nursing journal = Revue canadienne de nursing oncologique, 29(1), 4–9. https://doi.org/10.5737/2368807629149

Cortopassi, F., Gurung, P., & Pinto-Plata, V. (2017). Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Elderly Patients. Clinics in geriatric medicine, 33(4), 539–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cger.2017.06.006

Cosco, T. D., Randa, C., Hopper, S., Wagner, K. R., Pickering, J., & Best, J. R. (2022). Ageing and mental health in Canada: Perspectives from law, policy, and Longitudinal Research. Journal of Population Ageing, 15(3), 863–878. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-022-09389-z

Cowles, C. (n.d.). FRAIL-NH Simplifies Frailty Screening. https://www.caringfortheages.com/article/S1526-4114(16)30288-8/pdf

Daneman, N., Campitelli, M. A., Giannakeas, V., Morris, A. M., Bell, C. M., Maxwell, C. J., Jeffs, L., Austin, P. C., & Bronskill, S. E. (2017). Influences on the start, selection and duration of treatment with antibiotics in long-term care facilities. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 189(25). https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.161437

De Andres, A., Cruces, P., Verdecho, C., Penide, V., del Valle Hoyos, M., Herdman, M., Traserira Lugilde, S. & Velazquez Riveria, I. (2015). Validation of the Short Form of the Brief Pain Inventory (BPI-SF) in Spanish Patients with Non-Cancer-Related Pain. Pain Practice, 15(7), 643-653.

De Graaf, L., Janssen, M., Roelofs, T., & Luijkx, K. (2023). Substance use and misuse of older adults living in residential care facilities: A scoping review from a person-centred care approach. Ageing & Society, 43(6), 1457-1483. doi:10.1017/S0144686X21001215

Degenhardt, L., & Hall, W. (2012). Extent of illicit drug use and dependence, and their contribution to the global burden of disease. The Lancet, 379(9810), 55-70. doi:10.1016/s01406736(11)61138-0

Dent, E., Martin, F. C., Bergman, H., Woo, J., Romero-Ortuno, R., & Walston, J. D. (2019). Management of frailty: opportunities, challenges, and future directions. Lancet (London, England), 394(10206), 1376–1386. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31785-4

Diabetes Canada. (2018). 2018 Clinical Practice Guidelines: Quick Reference Guide. https://guidelines.diabetes.ca/docs/CPG-quick-reference-guide-web-EN.pdf#page=7

Díez-Villanueva, P., & Alfonso, F. (2016). Heart failure in the elderly. Journal of geriatric cardiology : JGC, 13(2), 115–117. https://doi.org/10.11909/j.issn.1671-5411.2016.02.009

Dinces, E. (2023). Cerumen. In J. Givens (Ed.), UpToDate.  https://www.uptodate.com/contents/cerumen?search=cerumen%20impaction&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~19&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#H11

Dunlay, S. M., & Strand, J. J. (2016). How to discuss goals of care with patients. Trends in cardiovascular medicine, 26(1), 36–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tcm.2015.03.018

Eastwood, J., & Maitland-Scott, I. (2020). Patient privacy and integrated care: the multidisciplinary health care team. International Journal of Integrated Care, 20(4).

Edgman-Levitan, S., & Schoenbaum, S. C. (2021). Patient-centered care: achieving higher quality by designing care through the patient’s eyes. Israel Journal of Health Policy Research, 10, 1-5.

Einfeld, S. L., Piccinin, A. M., Mackinnon, A., Hofer, S. M., Taffe, J., Gray, K. M., Bontempo, D. E., Hoffman, L. R., Parmenter, T., & Tonge, B. J. (2006). Psychopathology in young people with intellectual disability. JAMA, 296(16), 1981–1989. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.296.16.1981

Elnaem, M. H., Irwan, N. A., Abubakar, U., Syed Sulaiman, S. A., Elrggal, M. E., & Cheema, E. (2020). Impact of Medication Regimen Simplification on Medication Adherence and Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Long-Term Medical Conditions. Patient Preference and Adherence, 14, 2135–2145. https://doi.org/10.2147/ppa.s268499

Emfietzoglo, M. (n.d.). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs in Nursing. https://www.osmosis.org/answers/maslows-hierarchy-of-needs-in-nursing?utm_term=&utm_campaign=20397112053&utm_content=&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&campaignid=20397112053&adgroupid=&adid=&gad=1&gclid=CjwKCAjw15eqBhBZEiwAbDomEv7eOJkrgycCRjAz1zw_mZai3ZjnFm1Time8UqDBaG8ZLdY9yPFYJRoCBSwQAvD_BwE

Endres, A. (2018, January 12). How to replace a dislodged or malfunctioning G-tube. PEMBlog. https://pemcincinnati.com/blog/g-tube/

Eppel, D. (2021). Palliative Approach to Care vs. End-of-Life Care. HPC Consultation Services Waterloo Wellington. https://hpcconnection.ca/palliative-approach-to-care-vs-end-of-life-care/

Evensen, S., Hylen Ranhoff, A., Lydersen, S., & Saltvedt, I. (2021). The delirium screening tool 4AT in routine clinical practice: prediction of mortality, sensitivity and specificity. European geriatric medicine, 12(4), 793–800. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41999-021-00489-1

Exner-Pirot & Butler, L. (2015). Healthy foundations: nursing’s role in building strong aboriginal communities. Ottawa: The Conference Board of Canada. https://ucarecdn.com/574abf97-7b28-4e32-97e3-5c48553a60af/

Farrell, B., Raman-Wilms, L., Sadowski, C. A., Mallery, L., Turner, J., Gagnon, C., Cole, M., Grill, A., Isenor, J. E., Mangin, D., McCarthy, L. M., Schuster, B., Sirois, C., Sun, W., & Upshur, R. (2023). A proposed curricular framework for an interprofessional approach to deprescribing. Medical Science Educator, 33(2), 551–567. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40670-022-01704-9

Faubert, B & Woodbeck, H. (2020). Residents living with severe mental illness in long-term care. https://rnao.ca/bpg/ltcbpp-newsletter/summer-2020/residents-living-with-severe-mental-illness-in-long-term-care#:~:text=Statistics%20from%20the%20Canadian%20Institute,mental%20illnesses%2C%20with%20different%20presentations.

Fernandes, J. B., Vareta, D., Fernandes, S., Almeida, A. S., Peças, D., Ferreira, N., & Roldão, L. (2022). Rehabilitation workforce challenges to implement person-centered care. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3199.

Fick, D. M., & Mion, L. C. (2008). Delirium superimposed on dementia. American Journal of Nursing, 108(1), 52-60.

Five tips for honing nursing critical thinking. Wolters Kluwer. (2019, January 09). https://www.wolterskluwer.com/en/expert-insights/five-tips-for-honing-nursing-critical-thinking

Flint, A., Merali, Z., & Vaccarino, F. (Eds.). (2018). Substance use in Canada: improving quality of life: substance use and aging. Ottawa, Ont: Canadian Centre on Substance Use and Addiction. https://www.ccsa.ca/sites/default/files/2022-04/CCSA-Substance-Use-and-Aging-Report-2018-en%20%28ID%2023186%29.pdf

Foronda, C., Baptiste, D. L., Reinholdt, M. M., & Ousman, K. (2016). Cultural Humility: A Concept Analysis. Journal of transcultural nursing : official journal of the Transcultural Nursing Society, 27(3), 210–217. https://doi.org/10.1177/1043659615592677

Forsch R. T. (2008). Essentials of skin laceration repair. American family physician, 78(8), 945–951.

Francis, J. (2019, May 22). Delirium and acute confusional states: Prevention, treatment, and prognosis. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/delirium-and-acute-confusional-states-prevention-treatment-and-prognosis#H9

Frank, C. C., Feldman, S., & Wyman, R. (2018). Caring for older patients in primary care: Wisdom and innovation from Canadian family physicians. Can Fam Physician, 64(6), 416-418. https://www.cfp.ca/content/cfp/64/6/416.full.pdf

Fried, L P., Tangen, C.M., Walston, J., Newman, A.B., Hirsch, C., & Gottdiener, J. (2001). Frailty in older adults: evidence for a phenotype. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci, 56, 146–56.

Gaetz, S., Barr, C., Friesen, A., Harris, B., Hill, C., Kovacs-Burns, K., Pauly, B., Pearce, B., Turner, A., & Marsolais, A. (2012). Canadian Definition of Homelessness. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. www.homelesshub.ca/homelessdefinition

Gaetz, S., Dej, E., Richter, T., & Redman, M. (2016). The State of Homelessness in Canada 2016. Toronto: Canadian Observatory on Homelessness Press. https://www.homelesshub.ca/sites/default/files/attachments/SOHC16_final_20Oct2016.pdf

Ganta, N., Dingfield, L., & O’Connor, N. R. (2017). SUPER: A New Framework for Goals of Care Communication. SGIM FORUM, 40(3). https://www.sgim.org/File%20Library/SGIM/Resource%20Library/Forum/2017/SGIMMar2017_07.pdf

Garfinkel, D., & Mangin, D. (2010). Feasibility Study of a systematic approach for discontinuation of multiple medications in older adults. Archives of Internal Medicine, 170(18). https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2010.355

Gavinski, K., Carnahan, R., & Weckmann, M. (2016). Validation of the delirium observation screening scale in a hospitalized older population. Journal of hospital medicine, 11(7), 494–497. https://doi.org/10.1002/jhm.2580

Goldsen Institute. (2011). Aging with Pride. https://goldseninstitute.org/health/nhas/

Government of British Columbia. (n.d). End-of-Life Care. https://www2.gov.bc.ca/gov/content/health/accessing-health-care/home-community-care/care-options-and-cost/end-of-life-care

Government of Canada. (2022). Dementia: Overview. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/diseases/dementia.html

Government of Canada. (2023a). MAID. https://www.justice.gc.ca/eng/cj-jp/ad-am/bk-di.html

Government of Canada. (2023b). Organ and tissue donation.  https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/healthy-living/blood-organ-tissue-donation/organ-tissue.html

Government of Ontario .(2023). Medical assistance in dying and end‑of‑life decisions. https://www.ontario.ca/page/medical-assistance-dying-and-end-life-decisions

Grazioli, A. (2015). AGEDAT: Annual Geriatric Data Template. CGA Toolkit Plus. https://www.cgakit.com/agedat

Gupta S. (2022). Diagnosing asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: Importance of pulmonary function testing. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 68(6), 441–444. https://doi.org/10.46747/cfp.6806441

Hanson, E., Gamez, D., & Manuel, A. (2020, September). The residential school system. Indigenous Foundations. https://indigenousfoundations.arts.ubc.ca/residential-school-system-2020/

Harasym, P., Brisbin, S., Afzaal, M., Sinnarajah, A., Venturato, L., Quail, P., Kaasalainen, S., Straus, S. E., Sussman, T., Virk, N., & Holroyd-Leduc, J. (2020). Barriers and facilitators to optimal supportive end-of-life palliative care in long-term care facilities: a qualitative descriptive study of community-based and specialist palliative care physicians’ experiences, perceptions and perspectives. BMJ open, 10(8), e037466. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037466

Harris, E., Eng, D., Ang, Q., Clarke, E., & Sinha, A. (2021). Goals of care discussions in acute hospital admissions – qualitative description of perspectives from patients, family and their doctors. Patient Education and Counseling, 104(12), 2877–2887. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2021.09.003

Harrison, M. B., Legare, F., Graham, I., & Fervers, B. (2010). Adapting clinical practice guidelines to local context and assessing barriers to their use. CMAJ, 182(2), E78-84. doi: 10.1503/cmaj.081232.

Health Canada. (2018). Framework on palliative care in Canada. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/hc-sc/documents/services/health-care-system/reports-publications/palliative-care/framework-palliative-care-canada/framework-palliative-care-canada.pdf

Health Canada. (2023). Fourth annual report on Medical Assistance in Dying in Canada 2022. https://www.canada.ca/en/health-canada/services/publications/health-system-services/annual-report-medical-assistance-dying-2021.html

Health Care Consent Act, S.O. 1996, c. 2, Sched. A (1996).  https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/96h02

Health Quality Ontario. (n.d.). Quality Statement 4: Goals of Care Discussions and Consent. https://www.hqontario.ca/Evidence-to-Improve-Care/Quality-Standards/View-all-Quality-Standards/Palliative-Care/Quality-Statement-4-Goals-of-Care-Discussions-and-Consent

Health Standards Organization (HSO). (2023). National standard of Canada: long – term care services. https://store.healthstandards.org/products/long-term-care-services-can-hso21001-2023-e?_pos=1&_sid=a599c423d&_ss=r

Hermann, N. & Gauthier, S. (2008). Diagnosis and treatment of Dementia: 6. Management of Severe Dementia. CMAJ, 179(12), 1279-1287.

Hospice Palliative Care Ontario. (n.d.). Goal of Care Discussions (GOCD). https://www.pcdm.ca/goc

Househ, M., Grainger, R., Petersen, C., Bamidis, P., & Merolli, M. (2018). Balancing between privacy and patient needs for health information in the age of participatory health and social media: a scoping review. Yearbook of medical informatics, 27(01), 029-036.

Human Resources and Skills Development Canada. (n.d.). Problem SOLVED! A Guide for Employees and Learners. https://www.canada.ca/content/dam/canada/employment-social-development/services/jobs/training/initiatives/skills-success/tools/problem-solved-employees-learners/wp-064_En.pdf

Humphrey, B. A. (2021). Data Privacy vs. Innovation: A Quantitative Analysis of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Its Impact on HIPAA regarding the Privacy and Security of Protected Health Information. Robert Morris University.

Ioannidis, G., Jantzi, M., Bucek, J., Adachi, J. D., Giangregorio, L., Hirdes, J., Pickard, L., & Papaioannou, A. (2017). Development and validation of the Fracture Risk Scale (FRS) that predicts fracture over a 1-year time period in institutionalised frail older people living in Canada: An electronic record-linked longitudinal cohort study. BMJ Open, 7(9). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016477

Inouye, S. K., van Dyck, C. H., Alessi, C. A., Balkin, S., Siegal, A. P., & Horwitz, R. I. (1990). Clarifying confusion: the confusion assessment method. A new method for detection of delirium. Annals of internal medicine, 113(12), 941–948. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-113-12-941

Island Health. (2006a). Delirium in the Older Person: A Medical Emergency. https://www.islandhealth.ca/sites/default/files/2018-04/delirium-in-the-older-person-info-pamphlet.pdf

Island Health. (2006b). Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) Short form. https://cgatoolkit.ca/Uploads/ContentDocuments/camshortform.pdf

Ismail, Z., Black, S. E., Camicioli, R., Chertkow, H., Herrmann, N., Laforce, R., Montero‐Odasso, M., Rockwood, K., Rosa‐Neto, P., Seitz, D., Sivananthan, S., Smith, E. E., Soucy, J., Vedel, I., & Gauthier, S. (2020). Recommendations of the 5th canadian consensus conference on the diagnosis and treatment of dementia. Alzheimer’s & Dementia, 16(8), 1182–1195. https://doi.org/10.1002/alz.12105

Iwasaki, S., & Yamasoba, T. (2014). Dizziness and Imbalance in the Elderly: Age-related Decline in the Vestibular System. Aging and disease, 6(1), 38–47. https://doi.org/10.14336/AD.2014.0128

Jacobsen, J., Bernacki, R., & Paladino, J. (2022). Shifting to Serious Illness Communication. JAMA, 327(4), 321–322. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.23695

Jain, N., & Bernacki, R. E. (2020). Goals of Care Conversations in Serious Illness A Practical Guide. Med Clin N Am, 104, 375–389. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mcna.2019.12.001

Kaasalainen, S., Sussman, T., Thompson, G., McCleary, L., Hunter, P. V., Venturato, L., Wickson-Griffiths, A., Ploeg, J., Parker, D., Sinclair, S., & Bello-Haas, D. (2020). A pilot evaluation of the Strengthening a Palliative Approach in Long-Term Care (SPA-LTC) program. BMC Pall Care, 19(1), 107–107. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12904-020-00599-w.

Kaasalainen, S., Mccleary, L., Vellani, S., & Pereira, J. (2021). Improving End-of-Life Care for People with Dementia in LTC Homes During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Beyond. Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ, 24(3), 164–169. https://doi.org/10.5770/cgj.24.493

Kaplan, M. S., Huguet, N., Feeny, D., McFarland, B. H., Caetano, R., Bernier, J., Giesbrecht, N., Oliver, L., Ramage-Morin, P., & Ross, N. A. (2014). The association between alcohol use and long-term care placement among older Canadians: a 14-year population-based study. Addictive behaviors, 39(1), 219–224.

Kennedy, S. H., Lam, R. W., McIntyre, R. S., Tourjman, S. V., Bhat, V., Blier, P., Hasnain, M., Jollant, F., Levitt, A. J., MacQueen, G. M., McInerney, S. J., McIntosh, D., Milev, R. V., Müller, D. J., Parikh, S. V., Pearson, N. L., Ravindran, A. V., & Uher, R. (2016). Canadian network for mood and anxiety treatments (CANMAT) 2016 clinical guidelines for the management of adults with major depressive disorder. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 61(9), 540–560. https://doi.org/10.1177/0706743716659417

Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. (2001). The PHQ-9: validity of a brief depression severity measure. Journal of general internal medicine, 16(9), 606–613. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1525-1497.2001.016009606.x

Kurlowicz, L., & Wallace, M. (1999). The Mini Mental State Examination. The Hartford Institute for Geriatric Nursing, (3). https://cgatoolkit.ca/Uploads/ContentDocuments/MMSE.pdf

Kutsal, Y. (2019). Geriatric Syndromes. International Journal on Aging in Developing Countries, 4(1), 41-56. https://inia.org.mt/wp-content/uploads/2019/08/4.1.4-Geriatric-Sydromes-pg-41-56-Final.pdf

Kwame, A., & Petrucka, P. M. (2021). A literature-based study of patient-centered care and communication in nurse-patient interactions: barriers, facilitators, and the way forward. BMC nursing, 20(1), 1-10.

Latham, L. P., & Ackroyd-Stolarz, S. (2014). Emergency department utilization by older adults: a descriptive study. Canadian geriatrics journal : CGJ, 17(4), 118–125. https://doi.org/10.5770/cgj.17.108

Laubscher, T., Regier, L., & Stone, S. (2014). Hypertension in the elderly. Canadian Family Physician, 60(5), 453-456.

LeadingAge Maryland. (2019). Implementing trauma informed care: A guidebook. https://leadingage.org/wp-content/uploads/drupal/RFA%20Guidebook.pdf

LeBlanc, T. W., & Tulsky, J. (2023). Discussing goals of care. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/discussing-goals-of-care

Leedy, K. M., Trees, W. J., & Mullins, K. (2021). Educating nursing staff in a long-term care facility on cerumen impactions and cerumenolytic administration. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 47(4), 35–43. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20210310-01

Leung, A. A., Daskalopoulou, S. S., Dasgupta, K., McBrien, K., Butalia, S., Zarnke, K. B., Nerenberg, K., Harris, K. C., Nakhla, M., Cloutier, L., Gelfer, M., Lamarre-Cliche, M., Milot, A., Bolli, P., Tremblay, G., McLean, D., Tobe, S. W., Ruzicka, M., Burns, K. D., … Rabi, D. M. (2017). Hypertension Canada’s 2017 guidelines for diagnosis, risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of hypertension in adults. Canadian Journal of Cardiology, 33(5), 557–576. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cjca.2017.03.005

Levin, A., Hemmelgarn, B., Culleton, B., Tobe, S., McFarlane, P., Ruzicka, M., Burns, K., Manns, B., White, C., Madore, F., Moist, L., Klarenbach, S., Barrett, B., Foley, R., Jindal, K., Senior, P., Pannu, N., Shurraw, S., Akbari, A., … Tonelli, M. (2008). Guidelines for the management of chronic kidney disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 179(11), 1154–1162. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.080351

Limpawattana, P., & Manjavong, M. (2021). The Mini-Cog, Clock Drawing Test, and Three-Item Recall Test: Rapid Cognitive Screening Tools with Comparable Performance in Detecting Mild NCD in Older Patients. Geriatrics (Basel, Switzerland), 6(3), 91. https://doi.org/10.3390/geriatrics6030091

Long-Term Care Homes Act, SO 2007, c.8 (2007). https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/07l08

MacCourt, P. (2021). Supporting Mental Health and Well-Being in Community Residential Care Settings. Canadian Standards Association. https://www.csagroup.org/article/research/supporting-mental-health-and-well-being-in-community-residential-care-settings/

Mack, D. S., Tjia, J., & Lapane, K. L. (2022). Defining life-limiting illness in the nursing home population: Identifying a population to benefit from palliative  care services. The Journal of Nursing Home Research Sciences. https://doi.org/10.14283/jnhrs.2022.1

Maenner, M. J., Blumberg, S. J., Kogan, M. D., Christensen, D., Yeargin-Allsopp, M., & Schieve, L. A. (2016). Prevalence of cerebral palsy and intellectual disability among children identified in two U.S. National Surveys, 2011-2013. Annals of epidemiology, 26(3), 222–226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annepidem.2016.01.001

Mallery, L. H., Moorhouse, P., Veysey, P. M., Allen, M., & Fleming, I. (2017). Severely frail elderly patients do not need lipid-lowering drugs. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine, 84(2), 131–142. https://doi.org/10.3949/ccjm.84a.15114

Masoli, J. A., Delgado, J., Pilling, L., Strain, D., & Melzer, D. (2020). Blood pressure in frail older adults: Associations with cardiovascular outcomes and all-cause mortality. Age and Ageing, 49(5), 807–813. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afaa028

Mason, R. J., Marzouk, K., Finelli, A., Saad, F., So, A. I., Violette, P. D., Breau, R. H., & Rendon, R. A. (2022). UPDATE – 2022 Canadian Urological Association recommendations on prostate cancer screening and early diagnosis Endorsement of the 2021 Cancer Care Ontario guidelines on prostate multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging. Canadian Urological Association journal = Journal de l’Association des urologues du Canada, 16(4), E184–E196. https://doi.org/10.5489/cuaj.7851

McCleary, L., Thompson, G. N., Venturato, L., Wickson-Griffiths, A., Hunter, P., Sussman, T., & Kaasalainen, S. (2018). Meaningful connections in dementia end of life care in Long Term Care Homes. BMC Psychiatry, 18(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-018-1882-9

McDonald, B. M. (2018). Developing a wound care program in LTC: Changing the focus from products to prevention. Wound Care Canada, 16(2). https://www.woundscanada.ca/docman/public/wound-care-canada-magazine/2018-vol-16-no-2/1340-developing-a-wound-care-program-in-long-term-care/file

Mehta, A., & Chan, L. S. (2008). Understanding of the concept of “total pain.” Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 10(1), 26–32. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.njh.0000306714.50539.1a

Meneilly, G. S., Knip, A., Miller, D. B., Sherifali, D., Tessier, D., & Zahedi, A. (2018). Diabetes in older people. Canadian Journal of Diabetes, 42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcjd.2017.10.021

Mental Health Act, R.S.O. 1990, c. M.7.  https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/90m07

Mental Health Commission of Canada. (2019). Summary: Guidelines for Comprehensive Mental Health Services for Older Adults in Canada. https://mentalhealthcommission.ca/wp-content/uploads/2021/08/Summary_Senior_Guidelines_Eng.pdf

MoCA Cognition. (n.d.). The Montreal Cognitive Assessment. https://mocacognition.com/

Monik, L. (2007). Repatriation of patients – a process to ensure a safe patient transfer. Healthcare Quarterly, 10(4), 80–83. https://doi.org/10.12927/hcq.2007.19319

Morley, J. E., Malmstrom, T. K., & Miller, D. K. (2012). A simple frailty questionnaire (FRAIL) predicts outcomes in middle aged African Americans. J Nutr Health Aging, 16(7), 601-608.

Moudatsou, M., Stavropoulou, A., Philalithis, A., & Koukouli, S. (2020). The Role of Empathy in Health and Social Care Professionals. Healthcare, 8(1), 26. doi: 10.3390/healthcare8010026

Mums Health. (2019). Anti-Infective Guidelines 2019 For Community-Acquired Infections. https://www.mumshealth.com/guidelines-tools/anti-infective

Myge, I., Hunter, P. V., & the SPA-LTC Team. (2021). Strengthening Bereavement Care in Long-Term Care Settings. https://spaltc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/SPA-LTC2012_Bereavement_in_LTC_Booklet-5-EN-FINAL.pdf

National Council on Aging. (Aug 31, 2023). The Top 10 Most Common Chronic Conditions in Older Adults. https://www.ncoa.org/article/the-top-10-most-common-chronic-conditions-in-older-adults

National Institute for Healthcare Excellence. (2022). Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management. NICE Guideline, No. 191. London. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK552669/

National Institute of Aging. (2022a). What Is Dementia? Symptoms, Types, and Diagnosis. https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/what-is-dementia#:~:text=Dementia%20is%20the%20loss%20of,and%20their%20personalities%20may%20change.

National Institute of Aging. (2022b). Osteoarthritis.  https://www.nia.nih.gov/health/osteoarthritis#:~:text=Osteoarthritis%20is%20the%20most%20common,joints%20break%20down%20over%20time.

Norman, K., Haß, U., & Pirlich, M. (2021). Malnutrition in Older Adults-Recent Advances and Remaining Challenges. Nutrients, 13(8), 2764. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13082764

Nova Scotia Health. (2023). Conversations about Serious Illness. https://library.nshealth.ca/SeriousIllness

Office of the Privacy Commissioner of Canada. (2018). Summary of privacy laws in Canada. https://www.priv.gc.ca/en/privacy-topics/privacy-laws-in-canada/02_05_d_15/

Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion (Public Health Ontario). (2019). Tuberculosis screening on admission to long-term care homes in Ontario. Toronto, ON: Queen’s Printer for Ontario. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/documents/r/2019/report-tb-screening-ltch.pdf?la=en

Ontario COVID-19 Drugs and Biologics Clinical Practice Guidelines Working Group, Ontario COVID-19 Congregate Care Working Group and LTC+. (2022) Therapeutic management of residents of long-term care homes with COVID-19. Ontario COVID-19 Science Advisory Table, Version 1.0. https://doi.org/10.47326/ocsat.tm-ltch.2022.1.0

Ontario Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care. (2023). Ontario’s Routine Immunization Schedule. https://health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/immunization/immunization_tool.aspx#adult

Ontario Ministry of Health. (2023a). COVID-19 Guidance for Public Health Units: Long-Term Care Homes, Retirement Homes, and Other Congregate Living Settings. https://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/coronavirus/docs/LTCH_RH_guidance_PHU.pdf

Ontario Ministry of Health. (2023b). COVID‑19 testing and treatment. https://www.ontario.ca/page/covid-19-testing-and-treatment#section-5

Ontario Ministry of Health. (2023c). Health Care Provider Qs & As: Influenza Immunization Information for the 2023/2024 Influenza Season. https://www.health.gov.on.ca/en/pro/programs/publichealth/flu/uiip/docs/flu_uiip_HCP_QA_2023-24.pdf

Ontario Ministry of Health. (2023d). Palliative and end-of-life care. https://www.ontario.ca/page/palliative-and-end-life-care

Ontario Palliative Care Network. (2017). Key Palliative Care Concepts And Terms. https://www.ontariopalliativecarenetwork.ca/sites/opcn/files/2021-01/KEYPALLIATIVECARECONCEPTSANDTERMS.pdf

Ontario Palliative Care Network. (2018). Health Quality Ontario: Palliative Care for Adults With a Progressive, Life-Limiting Illness. https://www.hqontario.ca/portals/0/documents/evidence/quality-standards/qs-palliative-care-clinical-guide-en.pdf

Ontario Palliative Care Network. (n.d.-a). Approaches to Goals of Care Discussions: Resource for healthcare providers. https://www.ontariopalliativecarenetwork.ca/sites/opcn/files/2021-01/ApproachesToGoalsOfCare.pdf

Ontario Palliative Care Network. (n.d.-b). Person-Centred Decision-Making: Resource for healthcare providers. https://www.ontariopalliativecarenetwork.ca/sites/opcn/files/2021-01/OPCNGocPCDMProviderResource.pdf

Orstead, H. L., Keast, D. H., Forest-Lalande, L., Kuhnke, J. L., O’Sullivan-Drombolis, D., Jin, S., Haley, J., & Evans, R. (2018). Best practice recommendations for the prevention and management of wounds. In: Foundations of Best Practice for Skin and Wound Management. A supplement of Wound Care Canada. https://www.woundscanada.ca/docman/public/health-care-professional/bpr-workshop/165-wc-bpr-prevention-and-management-of-wounds/file

Outlander, J.,  Naharci, I., Engstrom, G., Shutes, J.,  Wolf, D.,  Rojido, M., Tappen, R., & Newman, D. (2016). Hospital transfers of skilled nursing facility (SNF) patients within 48 hours and 30 days after SNF admission. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 17(9), 839-845. Doi: 10.1016/j.jamda.2016.05.021

Ozdinc, A., Aydin, Z., Calim, M., Ozkan, A. S., Bakir, H., & Akbas, S. (2023). Privacy awareness among healthcare professionals in intensive care unit: A multicenter, cross-sectional study. Medicine, 102(6).

Palliative Pain & Symptom Management Consultation Program. (2022). Implementing a Palliative Approach to Care in Long Term Care. https://www.palliativecareswo.ca/docs/LTCH_Resource_%20Guide.pdf

Papaioannou, A., Santesso, N., Morin, S. N., Feldman, S., Adachi, J. D., Crilly, R., Giangregorio, L. M., Jaglal, S., Josse, R. G., Kaasalainen, S., Katz, P., Moser, A., Pickard, L., Weiler, H., Whiting, S., Skidmore, C. J., & Cheung, A. M. (2015). Recommendations for preventing fracture in long-term care. Canadian Medical Association Journal, 187(15), 1135–1144. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.141331

Papathanasiou, I. V., Kleisiaris, C. F., Fradelos, E. C., Kakou, K., & Kourkouta, L. (2014). Critical thinking: the development of an essential skill for nursing students. Acta informatica medica : AIM : journal of the Society for Medical Informatics of Bosnia & Herzegovina : casopis Drustva za medicinsku informatiku BiH, 22(4), 283–286. https://doi.org/10.5455/aim.2014.22.283-286

Paulson, C. M., Monroe, T., & Mion, L. C. (2014). Pain assessment in hospitalized older adults with dementia and delirium. Journal of gerontological nursing, 40(6), 10–15. https://doi.org/10.3928/00989134-20140428-02

Poulin, L. I., Colibaba, A., Skinner, M. W., Balfour, G., Byrne, D., & Dieleman, C. (2023). Lost in transition? Community Residential Facility Staff and stakeholder perspectives on previously incarcerated older adults’ transitions into long-term care. BMC Geriatrics, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-023-03807-3

Provincial Geriatrics Leadership Ontario. (n.d.). Geriatric Emergency Management Network (GEM). https://geriatricsontario.ca/initiatives/gem/

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2018a). An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS) National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI): Update on the use of pneumococcal vaccines in adults 65 years of age and older – A Public Health Perspective. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/services/publications/healthy-living/update-on-the-use-of-pneumococcal-vaccines-in-adult.html

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2018b). An Advisory Committee Statement (ACS) National Advisory Committee on Immunization (NACI): Updated Recommendations on the Use of Herpes Zoster Vaccines. https://www.canada.ca/en/services/health/publications/healthy-living/updated-recommendations-use-herpes-zoster-vaccines.html

Public Health Agency of Canada. (2022). Expert advisory group final report. Pan Canadian health data strategy: toward a world class health data system. https://www.canada.ca/en/public-health/corporate/mandate/about-agency/external-advisory-bodies/list/pan-canadian-health-data-strategy-reports-summaries/expert-advisory-group-report-03-toward-world-class-health-data-system.html

Public Health Ontario. (2019). Antimicrobial Stewardship in Long Term Care. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/en/Health-Topics/Antimicrobial-Stewardship/Long-Term-Care

Public Health Ontario. (2023a). Prevention and Management of COVID-19 in Long-Term Care and Retirement Homes. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/Documents/nCoV/ltcrh/2020/06/covid-19-prevention-management-ltcrh.pdf?rev=93b7b4ce52e54429821065c3b4a7cfce&sc_lang=en

Public Health Ontario. (2023b). Antiviral Medications for the 2023-24 Seasonal Influenza: Public Health Considerations. https://www.publichealthontario.ca/-/media/Documents/A/2023/antiviral-medications-seasonal-influenza.pdf?rev=cf32ccda7ef74d839ef02a19c9ebe8a6&sc_lang=en

Quill, T. E., Arnold, R. M., & Platt, F. (2001). “I wish things were different”: expressing wishes in response to loss, futility, and unrealistic hopes. Annals of internal medicine, 135(7), 551–555. https://doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-135-7-200110020-00022

Reeve, E., Gnjidic, D., Long, J., & Hilmer, S. (2015). A systematic review of the emerging definition of ‘deprescribing’ with network analysis: Implications for future research and clinical practice. British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, 80(6), 1254–1268. https://doi.org/10.1111/bcp.12732

Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. (n.d.). Strategies for Using a Problem Solving Approach to Solution. https://bpgmobile.rnao.ca/content/strategies-using-problem-solving-approach-solution

Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario. (2007). Assessment and Management of Pain in the Elderly: Self-directed learning package for nurses in long-term care. Toronto, Canada: Registered Nurses’ Association of Ontario.

Rockwood, K., Song, X., MacKnight, C., Bergman, H., Hogan, D. B., McDowell, I., & Mitnitski, A. (2005). A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. CMAJ, 173(5), 489-495. https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050051

Rolfson, D. B., Majumdar, S. R., Tsuyuki, R. T., Tahir, A., & Rockwood, K. (2006). Validity and reliability of the Edmonton Frail Scale. Age and ageing, 35(5), 526–529. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afl041

Rothstein, M. A., Joly, Y., & Knoppers, B. M. (2014). Privacy and confidentiality. Routledge handbook of medical law and ethics. Abingdon, Oxon, 52-66.

RxFiles. (n.d.). Pain Management in Older Adults. https://www.rxfiles.ca/rxfiles/uploads/documents/gerirxfiles-pain.pdf

Sanerma, P., Miettinen, S., Paavilainen, E., & Åstedt-Kurki, P. (2020). A client-centered approach in home care for older persons–an integrative review. Scandinavian journal of primary health care, 38(4), 369-380.

Schaeffer, A. J. (2023, Aug 09). Placement and management of urinary bladder catheters in adults. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/placement-and-management-of-urinary-bladder-catheters-in-adults?search=suprapubic%20catheter&source=search_result&selectedTitle=1~60&usage_type=default&display_rank=1#topicContent

Sexual Orientation and Gender Identity Nursing. (2023). Home.  https://soginursing.ca/

Sherbourne Health. (2019). 4th edition: sherbourne’s guidelines for gender-affirming primary care with trans and non-binary patients. https://www.rainbowhealthontario.ca/product/4th-edition-sherbournes-guidelines-for-gender-affirming-primary-care-with-trans-and-non-binary-patients/

Simoni-Wastila, L., & Yang, H. K. (2006). Psychoactive drug abuse in older adults. American Journal of Geriatric Pharmacotherapy, 4(4), 380–394. doi:10.1016/j.amjopharm.2006.10.002

Siu, H. Y. H., Elston, D., Arora, N., Vahrmeyer, A., Kaasalainen, S., Chidwick, P., Howard, M., & Heyland, D. K. (2020a). A multicenter study to identify clinician barriers to participating in goals of care discussions in long-term care. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 21(5), 647–652. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2019.08.022

Siu, H., Elston, D., Arora, N., Vahrmeyer, A., Kaasalainen, S., Chidwick, P., Borhan, S., Howard, M., & Heyland, D. K. (2020b). The impact of prior advance care planning documentation on end-of-life care provision in long-term care. Canadian Geriatrics Journal, 23(2), 172–183. https://doi.org/10.5770/cgj.23.386

SPA-LTC. (2020). Reflective debriefing: Supporting people and practice in long-term care. https://spaltc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2022/08/Tip-Sheet-Debriefing-EN.pdf

Stall, N. (2019). We should care more about caregivers. CMAJ, 191(9), E245-46.

Statistics Canada. (2012). 2011 Census of Population: Families, households, marital status, structural type of dwelling, collectives. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/en/daily-quotidien/120919/dq120919a-eng.pdf?st=o09X2viA

Statistics Canada. (2016). Health Reports: Alzheimer’s disease and other dementias in Canada. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/82-003-x/2016005/article/14613-eng.htm

Statistics Canada. (2017). Census in Brief: A portrait of the population aged 85 and older in 2016 in Canada. https://www12.statcan.gc.ca/census-recensement/2016/as-sa/98-200-x/2016004/98-200-x2016004-eng.pdf

Stoll, F.,  Eidam, A., Bauer, J. M., & Haefeli, W. E. (2020). Management of dyslipidemia in the elderly. European Society of Cardiology. 19(5). https://www.escardio.org/Journals/E-Journal-of-Cardiology-Practice/Volume-19/management-of-dyslipidaemia-in-the-elderly

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). (2023). Practical guide for implementing a trauma informed approach. https://www.samhsa.gov/resource/ebp/practical-guide-implementing-trauma-informed-approach

Substitute Decisions Act, 1992, S.O. 1992, c. 30.  https://www.ontario.ca/laws/statute/92s30

Sudore, R. L., Lum, H. D., You, J. J., Hanson, L. C., Meier, D. E., Pantilat, S. Z., Matlock, D. D., Rietjens, J. A. C., Korfage, I. J., Ritchie, C. S., Kutner, J. S., Teno, J. M., Thomas, J., McMahan, R. D., & Heyland, D. K. (2017). Defining advance care planning for adults: A consensus definition from a multidisciplinary Delphi panel. Journal of Pain and Symptom Management, 53(5), 821–832.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.12.331

Sukkriana, N., & Punsawad, C. (2020). Comparison of geriatric assessment tools for frailty among community elderly. Heliyon, 6(9), e04797. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2020.e04797

Sullivan, W. F., Diepstra, H., Heng, J., Ally, S., Bradley, E., Casson, I., Hennen, B., Kelly, M., Korossy, M., McNeil, K., Abells, D., Amaria, K., Boyd, K., Gemmill, M., Grier, E., Kennie-Kaulbach, N., Ketchell, M., Ladouceur, J., Lepp, A., Lunsky, Y., … Witherbee, S. (2018). Primary care of adults with intellectual and developmental disabilities: 2018 Canadian consensus guidelines. Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien, 64(4), 254–279.

Summerfield of Redlands. (2022). Understanding the Umbrella of Dementia. https://www.summerfieldredlands.com/understanding-the-umbrella-of-dementia/

Sussman, T., Barken, R., & Grenier, A. (2020). Supporting older homeless persons’ positive relocations to long-term care: Service provider views. The Gerontologist, 60(6), 1149–1158. https://doi.org/10.1093/geront/gnz171

Sussman, T., Pimienta, R.,& Hayward, A. (2021). Engaging persons with dementia in advance care planning: Challenges and opportunities. Dementia (London, England), 20(6), 1859–1874. https://doi.org/10.1177/1471301220973059Van

Tayler, C., Porterfield, P., Fyles, G., Beddard-Huber, E., Hassan, E., Carter, R., Donald, E., & Barwich, D. (2019). Integration of a palliative approach to care and the role of serious illness conversations in advance care planning. BC Centre for Palliative Care. https://bc-cpc.ca/wp-content/uploads/2019/02/2019-02-22-Integration-of-a-PAC.pdf

Tegegne, M. D., Melaku, M. S., Shimie, A. W., Hunegnaw, D. D., Legese, M. G., Ejigu, T. A., Mengestie, N. D., Zemene, W., Zeleke, T., & Chanie, A. F. (2022). Health professionals’ knowledge and attitude towards patient confidentiality and associated factors in a resource-limited setting: A cross-sectional study. BMC Medical Ethics, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12910-022-00765-0

The 2019 American Geriatrics Society Beers Criteria® Update Expert Panel. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers Criteria® for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67(4), 674–694. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.15767  ‘

The American College of Surgeons. (n.d.). Replacing the gastrostomy tube skill. https://www.facs.org/media/xmpjmigz/replacing_the_gastronomy_tube.pdf

The Canadian Coalition for Green Healthcare. (2023). Green Office Toolkit For Clinicians And Office Managers. https://greenhealthcare.ca/wp-content/uploads/2023/08/Green-Office-Toolkit-August-17th-2023.pdf

Thrombosis Canada. (2022). Clinical Tools: Deep Vein Thrombosis. https://thrombosiscanada.ca/hcp/practice/clinical_tools?calc=vivomap263

Tible, O, P., Riese, F., Savaskan, E. & von Gunten, A.  (2017).  Best practices in the management of behavioural and psychological symptoms of dementia.  Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders, 10(8): 297-309.  https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1756285617712979

 

Tinetti, M. E., Inouye, S. K., Gill, T. M., & Doucette, J. T. (1995). Shared risk factors for falls, incontinence, and functional dependence. Unifying the approach to geriatric syndromes. JAMA, 273(17), 1348–1353.

Tomaselli, G., Buttigieg, S. C., Rosano, A., Cassar, M., & Grima, G. (2020). Person-centered care from a relational ethics perspective for the delivery of high quality and safe healthcare: a scoping review. Frontiers in public health, 8, 44.

Tranberg, M., Jacobsen, J., Fürst, C. J., Engellau, J., & Schelin, M. E. C. (2022). Patterns of Communication About Serious Illness in the Years, Months, and Days before Death. Palliative medicine reports, 3(1), 116–122. https://doi.org/10.1089/pmr.2022.0024

Trillium Gift of Life. (n.d.). Patient- and Family-Centered Care.  https://www.giftoflife.on.ca/en/professionals.htm

Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada. (2015). Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Canada: Calls to Action. https://nctr.ca/records/reports/#trc-reports

Turner, R. E., & Archer, E. (2020). Patient-centred care: The patients’ perspective-A mixed-methods pilot study. African Journal of Primary Health Care and Family Medicine, 12(1), 1-8.

University of Saskatchewan College of Nursing. (2018). Aboriginal nursing in Canada workforce fact sheet. https://indigenousnurses.ca/resources/publications/2018-university-saskatchewan-cinas-fact-sheet-aboriginal-nursing-canada

UNODC. (2018). The World Drug Report: Executive Summary Conclusions and Policy Implications. New York, NY

Van Kan, G. A., Rolland, Y. M., Morley, J. E., & Vellas, B. (2008). Frailty: Toward a clinical definition. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 9(2), 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2007.11.005

Vancouver Coastal Health. (n.d.).  RPACE – conversations. https://www.vch.ca/en/rpace-conversations

Vellani, S., Maradiaga Rivas, V., Nicula, M., Lucchese, S., Kruizinga, J., Sussman, T., & Kaasalainen, S. (2023). Palliative approach to care education for multidisciplinary staff of long-term care homes: A pretest post-test study. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214231158470

Vellani, S., Puts, M., Iaboni, A., Degan, C., & McGilton, K. (2022). Integration of a Palliative Approach in the Care of Older Adults with Dementia in Primary Care Settings: A Scoping Review. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 41(3), 404-420. doi:10.1017/S0714980821000349

VitalTalk. (2023, March 9). Home. https://www.vitaltalk.org/

Volgman, A. S., Nair, G., Lyubarova, R., Merchant, F. M., Mason, P., Curtis, A. B., Wenger, N. K., Aggarwal, N. T., Kirkpatrick, J. N., & Benjamin, E. J. (2022). Management of atrial fibrillation in patients 75 years and older. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 79(2), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.037

Völter, C., Thomas, J. P., Maetzler, W., Guthoff, R., Grunwald, M., & Hummel, T. (2021). Sensory Dysfunction in Old Age. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 118(29-30), 512–520. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0212

Vukic, A., Jesty, C., Mathews, V., & Etowa, J. (2012). Understanding race and racism in nursing: Insights from aboriginal nurses. ISRN Nursing, 2012, 9 pages. doi:10.5402/2012/196437 https://med-fom-osot-inclusive-campus.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2021/01/Understanding-Race-and-Racism-in-Nursing-Insights-from-Aboriginal-Nurses.pdf

Ward, K. T., & Reuben, D. B. (2022). Comprehensive geriatric assessment. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/comprehensive-geriatric-assessment#H2

University of Saskatchewan College of Nursing. (2018). Aboriginal nursing in Canada workforce fact sheet. https://indigenousnurses.ca/resources/publications/2018-university-saskatchewan-cinas-fact-sheet-aboriginal-nursing-canada

UNODC. (2018). The World Drug Report: Executive Summary Conclusions and Policy Implications. New York, NY

Van Kan, G. A., Rolland, Y. M., Morley, J. E., & Vellas, B. (2008). Frailty: Toward a clinical definition. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 9(2), 71–72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jamda.2007.11.005

Vancouver Coastal Health. (n.d.).  RPACE – conversations. https://www.vch.ca/en/rpace-conversations

Vellani, S., Maradiaga Rivas, V., Nicula, M., Lucchese, S., Kruizinga, J., Sussman, T., & Kaasalainen, S. (2023). Palliative approach to care education for multidisciplinary staff of long-term care homes: A pretest post-test study. Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.1177/23337214231158470

Vellani, S., Puts, M., Iaboni, A., Degan, C., & McGilton, K. (2022). Integration of a Palliative Approach in the Care of Older Adults with Dementia in Primary Care Settings: A Scoping Review. Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue Canadienne Du Vieillissement, 41(3), 404-420. doi:10.1017/S0714980821000349

VitalTalk. (2023, March 9). Home. https://www.vitaltalk.org/

Volgman, A. S., Nair, G., Lyubarova, R., Merchant, F. M., Mason, P., Curtis, A. B., Wenger, N. K., Aggarwal, N. T., Kirkpatrick, J. N., & Benjamin, E. J. (2022). Management of atrial fibrillation in patients 75 years and older. Journal of the American College of Cardiology, 79(2), 166–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2021.10.037

Völter, C., Thomas, J. P., Maetzler, W., Guthoff, R., Grunwald, M., & Hummel, T. (2021). Sensory Dysfunction in Old Age. Deutsches Arzteblatt international, 118(29-30), 512–520. https://doi.org/10.3238/arztebl.m2021.0212

Vukic, A., Jesty, C., Mathews, V., & Etowa, J. (2012). Understanding race and racism in nursing: Insights from aboriginal nurses. ISRN Nursing, 2012, 9 pages. doi:10.5402/2012/196437 https://med-fom-osot-inclusive-campus.sites.olt.ubc.ca/files/2021/01/Understanding-Race-and-Racism-in-Nursing-Insights-from-Aboriginal-Nurses.pdf

Ward, K. T., & Reuben, D. B. (2022). Comprehensive geriatric assessment. UpToDate. https://www.uptodate.com/contents/comprehensive-geriatric-assessment#H2

Wong, E. K.-C., Lee, J. Y., Surendran, A. S., Nair, K., Della Maestra, N., Migliarini, M., St. Onge, J. A., & Patterson, C. J. (2018). Nursing perspectives on the confusion assessment method: A qualitative focus group study. Age and Ageing, 47(6), 880–886. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afy107

Woodford, H. (2007). Essential Geriatrics. Radcliffe Publishing Ltd.

World Health Organization. (2008). Age-friendly Primary Health Care Centres Toolkit. https://extranet.who.int/agefriendlyworld/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WHO-Age-friendly-Primary-Health-Care-toolkit.pdf

World Health Organization. (2019). WHO revision of pain management guidelines.  https://www.who.int/news/item/27-08-2019-who-revision-of-pain-management-guidelines

Zacharias, R., MacEachern, D., & Ahn, S. (May 15, 2013). Pain management in older persons: An evidence-based approach. ISMP Canada. https://www.ismp-canada.org/download/presentations/SHRTN/PainManagementInTheOlderPersons_201305.pdf

Zibrowski, E., Shepherd, L., Booth, R., Sedig, K., & Gibson, C. (2019). A qualitative study of the theory behind the chairs: balancing lean-accelerated patient flow with the need for privacy and confidentiality in an emergency medicine setting. JMIR Human Factors, 6(1), e11714.

License

Icon for the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License

Nurse Practitioners Delivering Primary Care in the Long Term Care Setting Copyright © 2024 by Erin Ziegler, Carrie Heer and Adhiba Nilormi is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License, except where otherwise noted.

Share This Book