✊🏿 Chapter 1: Black Canadian Identity

7 Chapter 1 References

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Words Aloud. (2011, February 5). M. NourbeSe Philip reads “Discourse on the logic of language” from She tries her tongue [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/424yF9eqBsE

Canadian Museum of History. (n.d.). Africville (Halifax). Early Black Communities. https://www.historymuseum.ca/teachers-zone/early-black-communities/africville-halifax-nova-scotia

Canadian Museum of History. (n.d.). The Oklahoma migration (Prairie Provinces). Early Black Communities. https://www.historymuseum.ca/teachers-zone/early-black-communities/the-oklahoma-migration/

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Compton, W. (2014, February 18). Hogan’s Alley. The Canadian Encyclopedia. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/hogans-alley

County of Simcoe. (n.d.). The Black settlement in Oro Township. Simcoe County Archives. https://simcoe.ca/explore/simcoe-county-archives/online-exhibits/the-black-settlement-in-oro-township/

Crenshaw, K. (2022). Demarginalizing the intersection of race and sex: A black feminist critique of antidiscrimination doctrine, feminist theory and antiracist politics [1989]. Contemporary sociological theory1(354), 0.

Etowa, J. B., Beagan, B. L., & Runnels, V. (2020). Racialized healthcare inequities and the experiences of Black Canadians in the healthcare system. International Journal for Equity in Health, 19, Article 206. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12939-020-01301-0

Hancock, A. M. (2007). Intersectionality as a normative and empirical paradigm. Politics & Gender, 3(2), 248–254. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X07000243

Historica Canada. (n.d.). Black history in Canada education guide. https://fb.historicacanada.ca/education/english/black-history-in-canada/

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Maris, C. W. (2020). Philosophical racism and ubuntu: In dialogue with Mogobe Ramose. South African Journal of Philosophy, 39(3), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1080/02580136.2020.1809124

McRae, M. (n.d.). The story of Africville. Canadian Museum for Human Rights. https://humanrights.ca/story/story-africville

Municipality of Chatham-Kent. (2020). Chatham-Kent Underground Railroad. VisitCK. https://www.chatham-kent.ca/visitck/doandsee/heritage/undergroundrailroad/Documents/Chatham-Kent_Underground_Railroad_2020_Booklet.pdf

Nackers, L. M., & Appelhans, B. M. (2013). Food insecurity is linked to a food environment promoting obesity in households with children. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 45(6), 780–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2013.04.012

National Museum of African American History and Culture. (n.d.). Whiteness. https://nmaahc.si.edu/learn/talking-about-race/topics/whiteness

Olanlesi-Aliu, A., Alaazi, D., & Salami, B. (2023). Black health in Canada: Protocol for a scoping review. JMIR Research Protocols, 12(5), e42212. https://doi.org/10.2196/42212

Patel, M., Mohammed, T. A. S., & Koen, R. (2024). Ubuntu in post-apartheid South Africa: Educational, cultural and philosophical considerations. Philosophies, 9(1), 21. https://doi.org/10.3390/philosophies9010021

Picart, J. K., Bonner, S. N., & Sandhu, G. (2025). The ongoing incorrect use of Caucasian in medical research. Health Equity, 9(1), 186–188. https://doi.org/10.1089/heq.2025.0014

Pollock, M. (2008). Everyday antiracism: Getting real about race in school. New Press.

Pueyo, T. (2021, June 21). 300 years of slave trade in 2 minutes [Video]. YouTube. https://youtu.be/QK4iwomUMpU

Shamambo, L. J., & Henry, T. L. (2022). Rethinking the use of “Caucasian” in clinical language and curricula: A trainee’s call to action. Journal of General Internal Medicine, 37(7), 1780–1782. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-022-07431-6

The Canadian Encyclopedia. (2013, February 19). Black Canadians. https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/black-canadians

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An Introduction to Anti-Black Racism in Canadian Nutrition, Food & Dietetics Copyright © 2026 by Mikahelia Wellington; Sherana Syed; and Emanuel Tessema. All Rights Reserved.

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